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Appendices of Final Screening Assessment

Petroleum Sector Stream Approach

Heavy Fuel Oils
[Industry-Restricted]

Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers

64741-75-9
68783-08-4
70592-76-6
70592-77-7
70592-78-8

Environment Canada
Health Canada
July 2013

Back to the Final Screening Assessment

Appendices

Appendices 1 to 4
Appendix 5: Modelling results for environmental properties of industryrestricted HFOs
Appendices 6 to 7

Appendix 5: Modelling results for environmental properties of industry-restricted HFOs

Table A5.1. Results of the Level III fugacity modelling (EQC 2003)

**n -Alkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C9	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	99.5	0.03	0.5	0.02
Water	1.5	48	0	50.5
Soil	0.1	0	99.9	0

**n -Alkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	98.4	0.01	1.5	0.1
Water	0.01	8.7	0	91.3
Soil	0.1	0.002	99.9	0.02

**n -Alkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	13.7	0.9	66.5	18.8
Water	0	4.6	0	95.4
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.04

**n -Alkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.6	0.4	79.9	19.2
Water	0	1.9	0	98.1
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.1

**n -Alkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C50	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.03	0.02	97.3	2.7
Water	0	0.9	0	99.1
Soil	0	0.003	99.7	0.3

**Isoalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C9	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	99.8	0	0.2	0
Water	3.3	85.7	7.0E-3	11
Soil	6.2	9.0E-3	93.7	1.0E-3

**Isoalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	99	0.001	1.0	0.01
Water	0.01	9.6	0.0	90.4
Soil	0.04	0.001	99.9	0.01

**Isoalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	94	0.05	5.1	0.9
Water	0	5	0	95
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.03

**Isoalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	69.7	0.2	18.1	12.1
Water	0	1.3	0	98.7
Soil	0.1	0.003	99.7	0.2

**Isoalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C50	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.03	0.03	96.7	3.3
Water	0	0.9	0	99.1
Soil	0	0.003	99.7	0.3

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C9	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	99.8	0	0.2	0
Water	2.8	93.4	3.8	0
Soil	3.2	9.0E-3	96.8	0

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	97.3	0.03	2.3	0.4
Water	0.006	7	0	93
Soil	0.002	0.002	99.9	0.02

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	46.5	1.4	15.7	36.4
Water	0	3.7	0	96.3
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.05

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	4.5	0.3	77.1	18.1
Water	0	1.9	0	98.2
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.1

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C50	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.03	0.03	96.7	3.3
Water	0	0.9	0	99.1
Soil	0	0.003	99.7	0.3

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C9	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	99.0	0.2	0.8	0.01
Water	2.7	88.8	0.02	8.5
Soil	2	0.1	97.9	0.01

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	96.8	0.008	3	0.1
Water	0.05	6	0	94
Soil	0.06	0.002	99.9	0.04

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	70.5	0.1	20.7	8.7
Water	0	1.3	0	98.7
Soil	0	0.002	99.8	0.2

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	2.7	0.05	92.1	5.2
Water	0	0.9	0	99.1
Soil	0	0.003	99.7	0.3

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C50	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.2	0.15	87.4	12.3
Water	0	1.2	0	98.8
Soil	0	0.003	99.8	0.2

**Polycycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C14	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	93.1	0.2	6.0	0.8
Water	0.2	18.1	0.02	81.6
Soil	0.03	0	99.9	0.03

**Polycycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C18	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	7.7	0.6	60.4	31.2
Water	0	2.0	0.05	97.9
Soil	0	0.004	99.8	0.2

**Polycycloalkanes**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C22	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	3.0	0.05	91.8	5.2
Water	0	1.0	0.02	99.0
Soil	0	0	99.7	0.3

**One-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C9	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	99.4	0.3	0.3	0
Water	4.4	94.6	0.01	0.9
Soil	1.0	0.1	98.9	0

**One-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	98.4	0.05	1.1	0.4
Water	0.03	11.5	0	88.5
Soil	0.001	0.001	99.9	0.01

**One-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	63.2	0.5	28.3	8
Water	0	5.6	0	94.4
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.03

**One-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	4.7	0.2	79.5	15.5
Water	0	1.5	0	98.5
Soil	0	0.002	99.8	0.2

**One-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C50	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.1	0.08	91.9	7.9
Water	0	1	0	99
Soil	0	0.003	99.7	0.27

**Cycloalkane monoaromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C10	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	99.8	0.2	0.05	0.0002
Water	2.0	97.8	0.001	0.1
Soil	0.2	0.02	99.8	0.00002

**Cycloalkane monoaromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	81.4	1.7	1.5	15.4
Water	0.2	9.7	0.004	90.0
Soil	0.002	0.004	100	0.04

**Cycloalkane monoaromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	24.7	0.9	24.3	50
Water	0.005	1.78	0.005	98.2
Soil	0.0	0.002	99.9	0.1

**Two-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	65.3	6	9.6	19
Water	0.4	23.9	0.06	75.6
Soil	0.001	0.009	99.9	0.03

**Two-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	47	1.4	33	18.6
Water	0	7	0	93
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.02

**Two-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	3.6	0.4	77.6	18.5
Water	0	1.9	0	98.1
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.1

**Two-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C50	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.2	0.2	86.7	12.9
Water	0	1.2	0	98.8
Soil	0	0.003	99.8	0.2

**Cycloalkane diaromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C12	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	91.6	6.7	1.4	0.4
Water	0.4	94.1	0.006	5.5
Soil	0.002	0.04	100	0.002

**Cycloalkane diaromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	92.6	4.2	1.7	1.5
Water	1.5	72.6	0.028	25.9
Soil	0.001	0.005	100	0.002

**Cycloalkane diaromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	94.1	0.6	4.6	0.7
Water	0.07	44.8	0.003	55.1
Soil	less than 0.001	less than 0.001	100	less than 0.001

**Three-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C15	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	68.5	9.73	11.6	10.2
Water	0.1	48.7	0.02	51.2
Soil	0	0.01	99.98	0.01

**Three-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	41.7	2.6	9.6	46.0
Water	0.001	5.4	0	94.6
Soil	0	0.002	99.99	0.03

**Three-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	1.2	0.3	81.3	17.2
Water	0	1.6	0	98.4
Soil	0	0.002	99.9	0.1

**Three-ring aromatics**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C50	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.009	0.01	98.8	1.2
Water	0	0.9	0	99.1
Soil	0	0.003	99.7	0.3

**Four-ring PAHs**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C16	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	13.1	4.7	58.1	24.1
Water	0	16.2	0.04	83.7
Soil	0	0	99.9	0.1

**Four-ring PAHs**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.3	0.4	86.6	12.6
Water	0.0	3.0	0.0	97.0
Soil	0	0	99.8	0.2

**Five-ring PAHs**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C20	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.65	0.36	85.1	13.9
Water	0	2.6	0.002	97.4
Soil	0	0.005	99.8	0.2

**Five-ring PAHs**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C30	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.06	0.05	95	4.9
Water	0	0.9	0	99.1
Soil	0	0.003	99.7	0.3

**Six-ring PAHs**
Compartment of release (100%)	Percentage of substance partitioning into each compartment
C22	Air	Water	Soil	Sediment
Air	0.3	0.3	83.7	15.6
Water	0	2.1	0	97.9
Soil	0	0	99.9	0.1

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Table A5.2. Modelled data for primary (BioHCWin 2008; BIOWIN4 2009) and ultimate (BIOWIN3, 5 and 6 2009; CATABOL; TOPKAT) degradation of HFO components

**Alkanes**
Alkanes	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C9 n-nonane	7	4.20
C15 pentadecane	19	4.08
C20 eicosane	40	3.98
C30 triacontane	143	3.78
C50	4581	3.37

**Isoalkanes**
Isoalkanes	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C9 2,3-dimethylheptane	8	3.93
C15 2-methyltetradecane	17	3.81
C20 3-methylnonadecane	36	3.71
C30 hexamethyltetracosane	333	3.24
C50	3504	3.37

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
One-ring cycloalkanes	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C9 1,2,3-trimethylcyclohexane	4	3.67
C15 nonylcyclohexane	25	3.81
C20 tetradecylcyclohexane	53	3.71
C30 1,5-dimethyl-1-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-octadecyl)cyclohexane	154	3.24
C50	660	4.18

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Two-ring cycloalkanes	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C9 cis-bicyclononane	56	3.67
C15 2-isopentadecylin	88	3.55
C20 2,4-dimethyloctyl-2-decalin	250	3.56
C30 2,4,6,10,14-pentamethyldodecyl-2-decalin	1761	3.51
C50	494	4.99

**Polycycloalkanes**
Polycycloalkanes	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C14 hydrophenanthrene	117	3.57
C18 hydrochrysene	678	3.49
C22 hydropicene	4416	3.41

**One-ring aromatics**
One-ring aromatics	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C9 ethylmethylbenzene	5	3.54
C15 2-nonylbenzene	14	3.76
C20 tetradecylbenzene	31	3.66
C30 1-benzyl-4,8,12,16-tetramethyleicosane	252	3.45
C50	1594	3.65

**Cycloalkane monoaromatics**
Cycloalkane monoaromatics	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C10 tetralin	1.46	3.52
C15 methyloctahydro-phenanthrene	466	3.42
C20 ethyldodecahydro-chyrsene	469	3.32

**Two-ring aromatics**
Two-ring aromatics	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C15 4-isopropylbiphenyl	8	3.50
C20 2-isodecylnaphthalene	24	3.66
C30 2-(4,8,14,18-tetramethyl-hexadecyl)naphthalene	145	3.46
C50	444	4.46

**Cycloalkane diaromatics**
Cycloalkane diaromatics	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C12 acenaphthene	18.8	3.49
C15 ethylfluorene	16.5	3.50
C20 isoheptylfluorene	40.9	3.33

**Three-ring PAHs**
Three-ring PAHs	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C15 2-methylphenanthrene	24	3.50
C20 2-isohexylphenanthrene	35	3.40
C30 2-(2,4,10-trimethyl-tridecyl)phenanthrene	212	3.20
C50 alkylated anthracene	12 690	3.66

**Four-ring PAHs**
Four-ring PAHs	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C16 fluoranthene	191	2.85
C20 benzo[k]fluoranthene	285	2.78

**Five-ring PAHs**
Five-ring PAHs	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C20 benzo[a]pyrene	422	2.78
C30 dimethyloctyl- benzo[a]pyrene	2076	2.51

**Six-ring PAHs**
Six-ring PAHs	Primary Degradation BioHCWin (2008) ^[a] (days)	Primary Degradation BIOWIN 4 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]
C22 benzo[ghi]perylene	517	2.75

Table A5.2 cont. Modelled data for primary (BioHCWin 2008; BIOWIN4 2009) and ultimate (BIOWIN3, 5 and 6 2009; CATABOL; TOPKAT) degradation of HFO components^[a]

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Alkanes**
Alkanes	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C9 n-nonane	3.51	0.68	0.87	99.95	1	less than 182
C15 pentadecane	3.33	0.72	0.88	99.94	1	less than 182
C20 eicosane	3.17	0.76	0.89	89	1	less than 182
C30 triacontane	2.86	0.84	0.92	100	1	less than 182
C50	2.24	0.99	0.95	100	1	less than 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Isoalkanes**
Isoalkanes	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C9 2,3-dimethylheptane	3.21	0.38	0.50	9.45	1	less than 182
C15 2-methyltetra-decane	3.03	0.57	0.75	91.11	1	less than 182
C20 3-methyl-nonadecane	2.87	0.61	0.77	91	1	less than 182
C30 hexamethyl-tetracosane	2.26	-0.06	0.04	5.1	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C50	2.24	0.84	0.87	89.9	1	greater than or equal to 182d

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**One-ring cycloalkanes**
One-ring cycloalkanes	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C9 1,2,3-trimethyl-cyclohexane	2.92	0.43	0.32	2.64	0.011^[*]	less than 182
C15 nonyl-cyclohexane	3.04	0.57	0.65	57.9	1	less than 182
C20 tetradecyl-cyclohexane	2.88	0.63	0.75	64.1	1	less than 182
C30 1,5-dimethyl-1-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-octadecyl)-cyclohexane	2.27	-0.0007	0.02	3.5	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C50	3.14	0.64	0.22	69.2	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182 d

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Two-ring cycloalkanes	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C9 cis-bicyclononane	2.92	0.51	0.58	0	0.001	less than 182
C15 2-isopentadecylin	2.74	0.32	0.19	1.8	0	greater than or equal to 182
C20 2,4-dimethyl-octyl-2-decalin	2.67	0.45	0.26	4.5	0	greater than or equal to 182
C30 2,4,6,10,14- pentamethyl-dodecyl- 2-decalin	2.57	-0.16	0.01	4.6	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C50	4.04	0.34	0.01	6.4	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Polycycloalkanes**
Polycycloalkanes	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C14 hydro-phenanthrene	2.77	0.39	0.24	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C18 hydrochrysene	2.65	0.29	0.07	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C22 hydropicene	2.54	0.19	0.02	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**One-ring aromatics**
One-ring aromatics	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C9 ethylmethyl-benzene	2.78	0.37	0.44	10.67^[*]	0.086	less than 182
C15 2-nonylbenzene	2.99	0.44	0.53	50.9	0.11	less than 182
C20 tetradecyl-benzene	2.84	0.47	0.56	90.6	0.001^[*]	less than 182
C30 1-benzyl-4,8,12,16-tetramethyl-eicosane	2.53	-0.05	0.04	5.1	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C50	2.56	0.22	0.09	70	0.2^[*]	greater than or equal to 182 d

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Cycloalkane monoaromatics**
Cycloalkane monoaromatics	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C10 tetralin	2.76	0.28	0.36	0.71	0.003	less than 182
C15 methyl-octahydro-phenanthrene	2.61	0.19	0.13	0.91^[*]	0	greater than or equal to 182
C20 ethyl-dodecahydro-chyrsene	2.46	0.10	0.04	2.91	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Two-ring aromatics**
Two-ring aromatics	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C15 4-isopropyl-biphenyl	2.71	0.19	0.15	12.16	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C20 2-isodecyl-naphthalene	2.83	0.16	0.12	3.8	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C30 2-(4,8,14,18-tetramethyl- hexadecyl)-naphthalene	2.52	-0.06	0.03	4.6	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C50	3.46	-0.59	0.0004	3.4	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Cycloalkane diaromatics**
Cycloalkane diaromatics	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C12 acenaphthene	2.71	0.19	0.19	3.82	0	greater than or equal to 182
C15 ethylfluorene	2.70	0.15	0.10	1.03^[*]	0	less than 182
C20 isoheptyl-fluorene	2.47	-0.03	0.036	2.36^[*]	0.916	less than 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Three-ring PAHs**
Three-ring PAHs	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C15 2-methyl- phenanthrene	2.70	0.26	0.16	21.2^[*]	0.004	less than 182
C20 2-isohexyl-phenanthrene	2.54	-0.0012	0.036	3.99^[*]	0.302	greater than or equal to 182
C30 2-(2,4,10-trimethyl-tridecyl)-phenanthrene	2.23	-0.22	0.01	5.6	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C50 alkylated anthracene	2.58	-0.11	0.01	56.6	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182 d

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Four-ring PAHs**
Four-ring PAHs	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C16 fluoranthene	1.95	0.19	0.11	19.67^[*]	0	greater than or equal to 182
C20 benzo[k]-fluoranthene	1.84	0.06	0.035	9.3	0	greater than or equal to 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Five-ring PAHs**
Five-ring PAHs	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C20 benzo[a]pyrene	1.84	0.06	0.035	9.29^[*]	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182
C30 dimethyloctyl- benzo[a]pyrene	1.46	-0.32	0.002	6.6	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182

**Ultimate Biodegradation**
**Six-ring PAHs**
Six-ring PAHs	BIOWIN 3 (2009) Expert Survey^[b]	BIOWIN 5 (2009) MITI linear probability^[c]	BIOWIN 6 (2009) MITI non-linear probability^[c]	CATABOL (2008) % BOD	TOPKAT (2004) Probability of biodegrad-ability	Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days)
C22 benzo[ghi]-perylene	1.79	-0.011	0.018	2.9	0^[*]	greater than or equal to 182

Abbreviations: BOD, biological oxygen demand; MITI, Ministry of International Trade & Industry, Japan
^[a] Half-life estimations are for non-specific media (i.e., water, soil and sediment).
^[b] Output is a numerical score from 0–5.
^[c] Output is a probability score.
^[d] Extrapolated half-life compared with criteria (days) based on BioHCWin results (2008).
^[*] Modelled results were found to be out of domain and therefore not considered for persistence. For modelled results of CATABOL that were found to be out of domain, it was assumed that results for TOPKAT, BIOWIN 5, 6 were also out of domain because these models use the same dataset. In these cases, only BIOWIN 3, 4 and BioHCWin were considered when determining the persistence of the component.

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Table A5.3. Potential presence of persistent representative structures

**Isoalkanes**
Isoalkanes	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C30	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C50	Yes				Yes

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
One-ring cycloalkanes	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C30	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C50	Yes

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Two-ring cycloalkanes	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C15		Yes
C20		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C30	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C50	Yes

**Polycycloalkanes**
Polycycloalkanes	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C14		Yes	Yes	Yes
C18		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C22	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

**One-ring aromatics**
One-ring aromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C30	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C50	Yes

**Cycloalkane monoaromatics**
Cycloalkane monoaromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C15		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C20	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

**Two-ring aromatics**
Two-ring aromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C15		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C20	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C30	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C50	Yes

**Cycloalkane diaromatics**
Cycloalkane diaromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C12		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

**Three-ring aromatics**
Three-ring aromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C20	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C30	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C50	Yes

**Four-ring aromatics**
Four-ring aromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C16	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C20	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

**Five-ring aromatics**
Five-ring aromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C20	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
C30	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes

**Six-ring aromatics**
Six-ring aromatics	CAS RN 64741-75-9	CAS RN 68789-08-4	CAS RN 70592-76-6	CAS RN 70592-77-7	CAS RN 70592-78-8
C22	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

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Table A5.4. Proportion (weight %) of persistent representative structures in three samples of Fuel Oil No. 6 (Fuhr 2008)

**Persistent^[*] representative structures with boiling points greater than 500°C**
	Boiling point (°C)	Weight % Sample A	Weight % Sample B	Weight % Sample C	Weight % Average
Isoalkane C50	548	6.8	4	10.1	7.0
One-ring cycloalkane C50	699	6.8	4	10.1	7.0
Two-ring cycloalkane C50	687	6.8	4	10.1	7.0
One-ring aromatic C50	697	22.1	21.3	24.3	22.6
Two-ring aromatic C50	722	22.1	21.3	24.3	22.6
Three-ring aromatic C50	746	22.1	21.3	24.3	22.6
Five-ring aromatic C30	545	22.1	21.3	24.3	22.6
Six-ring aromatic C22	greater than 500	22.1	21.3	24.3	22.6

**Persistent^[*] representative structures with boiling boints from 200 –500°C**
	Boiling point (°C)	Weight % Sample A	Weight % Sample B	Weight % Sample C	Weight % Average
Isoalkanes C30	350	8.3	2.8	3.5	4.9
One-ring cycloalkanes C30	421	3.4	2.0	1.9	2.4
Two-ring cycloalkanes C15	244	2.9	1.8	1.8	2.2
Two-ring cycloalkanes C20	339	2.9	1.8	1.8	2.2
Two-ring cycloalkanes C30	420	2.9	1.8	1.8	2.2
Polycycloalkanes C14	225	2.8	2.2	3.2	2.7
Polycycloalkanes C18	316	2.8	2.2	3.2	2.7
Polycycloalkanes C22	365	2.8	2.2	3.2	2.7
One-ring aromatics C30	437	1.7	4.2	2.2	2.7
Cycloalkane monoaromatics C15	285	2.2	4.3	2.6	3.0
Cycloalkane monoaromatics C20	351	2.2	4.3	2.6	3.0
Two-ring aromatics C15	308	1.1	6.0	4.5	3.9
Two-ring aromatics C20	373	1.1	6.0	4.5	3.9
Two-ring aromatics C30	469	1.1	6.0	4.5	3.9
Cycloalkane diaromatics C12	279	0.8	1.7	2.4	1.6
Three-ring aromatics C20	398	0.9	2.3	3.9	2.4
Three-ring aromatics C30	493	0.9	2.3	3.9	2.4
Four-ring aromatics C16	384	1.2	1.4	2.7	1.8
Four-ring aromatics C20	480	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6
Five-ring aromatics C20	495	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3
Totals		55.2	54.9	63.9	58.1

^[a] Based on results from Table A5.2 (Appendix 5) and as set out by the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations (Canada 2000).

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Table A5.5. Modelled atmospheric degradation of representative structures for HFOs via reaction with hydroxyl radicals (AOPWIN 2008)

**Alkanes**
Alkanes	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C9	1.1
C15	1
C20	0.4
C30	0.3
C50	0.2

**Isoalkanes**
Isoalkanes	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C9	1.1
C15	0.6
C20	0.4
C30	0.3
C50	0.2

**One-ring cycloalkanes**
One-ring cycloalkanes	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C9	0.8
C15	0.5
C20	0.4
C30	0.2
C50	0.2

**Two-ring cycloalkanes**
Two-ring cycloalkanes	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C9	0.8
C15	0.4
C20	0.3
C30	0.2
C50	0.1

**Polycycloalkanes**
Polycycloalkanes	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C14	0.4
C18	0.3
C22	0.2

**One-ring aromatics**
One-ring aromatics	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C9	1.4
C15	0.7
C20	0.5
C30	0.3
C50	0.2

**Cycloalkane monoaromatics**
Cycloalkane monoaromatics	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C10	0.3
C15	0.5
C20	0.3

**Two-ring aromatics**
Two-ring aromatics	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C15	0.2
C20	0.2
C30	0.1
C50	0.1

**Cycloalkane diaromatics**
Cycloalkane diaromatics	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C12	0.2
C15	0.6
C20	0.5

**Three-ring PAHs**
Three-ring PAHs	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C15	0.3
C20	0.3
C30	0.2
C50	0.1

**Four-ring PAHs**
Four-ring PAHs	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C16	0.4
C20	0.2

**Five-ring PAHs**
Five-ring PAHs	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C20	0.2
C30	0.1

**Six-ring PAHs**
Six-ring PAHs	Half-life (days) ^[a] OH•
C22	0.1

^[a]Half-life estimations are for non-specific media (i.e., water, soil and sediment).

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Table A5.6. Experimental BAFs for aromatic hydrocarbons

**One-ring aromatics**
One-ring aromatics	Reference; Study	Log Kow	BAF experimental (L/kg ww)
C6 benzene	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	2.13 (expt.)	4
C7 toluene	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	2.73 (expt.)	11
C8 ethylbenzene	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	3.15 (expt.)	26
C8 xylenes	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	3.12 (expt.)	47
C9 isopropylbenzene	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	3.66 (expt.)	20
C9 propylbenzene	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	3.69 (expt.)	36
C9 ethylmethylbenzene	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	3.98 (expt.)	51
C9 trimethylbenzene	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil)	3.66 (expt.)	74

**Two-ring aromatics**
One-ring aromatics	Reference; Study	Log Kow	BAF experimental (L/kg ww)
C10 naphthalene	Neff et al. 1976 Clam; 24-hour (oil-in-water dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil) lab study	3.30 (expt.)	2.3
C11 methyl naphthalenes	Zhou et al. 1997 Atlantic salmon (white muscle); 96-hour (WSF of crude oil) lab study	3.87 (expt.)	230
C11 1-methylnaphthalene	Neff et al. 1976 Clam; 24-hour (oil-in-water dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil) lab study	3.87 (expt.)	8.5
C11 2-methylnaphthalene	Neff et al. 1976 Clam; 24-hour (oil-in-water dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil) lab study	3.86 (expt.)	8.1
C12 dimethylnaphthalene	Neff et al. 1976 Clam; 24-hour (oil-in-water dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil) lab study	4.31 (expt.)	17.1
C13 trimethylnaphthalene	Neff et al. 1976 Clam; 24-hour (oil-in-water dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil) lab study	4.81	26.7

**Three-ring aromatics**
One-ring aromatics	Reference; Study	Log Kow	BAF experimental (L/kg ww)
C14 phenanthrene	Burkhard and Lukasewycz 2000 Lake trout; field study	4.57	87
C16 fluoranthene	Burkhard and Lukasewycz 2000 Lake trout; field study	5.23	1550
C18 chrysene	Burkhard and Lukasewycz 2000 Lake trout; field study	5.81	3990

Abbreviation: (expt.), experimental log Kow data

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Table A5.7. Summary of empirical aquatic bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for various PAHs (adapted from European Commission 2008b)

**Fish**
Substance	Species	Exposure time	BCF (L/kg ww)	Reference
fluoranthene	Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)	24 hours	9054	Weinstein and Oris 1999
pyrene	Poecilia reticulate (guppy)	48 hours	11 300	De Voogt et al. 1991
pyrene	Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow)	36 days	145^[a], 97^[b]	Jonsson et al. 2004
benzo[a]pyrene	Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish)	48 hours	608	Jimenez et al. 1987

**Molluscs**
Substance	Species	Exposure time	BCF (L/kg ww)	Reference
fluoranthene	Mytilus edulis (blue mussel)	96 hours	5920	McLeese and Burridge 1987
fluoranthene	Mya arenaria (clam)	96 hours	4120	McLeese and Burridge 1987
pyrene	M. edulis	96 hours	4430	McLeese and Burridge 1987
pyrene	M. arenaria	96 hours	6430	McLeese and Burridge 1987

**Crustaceans**
Substance	Species	Exposure time	BCF (L/kg ww)	Reference
fluoranthene	Daphnia magna (water flea)	24 hours	1742	Newsted and Giesy 1987
fluoranthene	Cragon septemspinosa (sand shrimp)	96 hours	180	McLeese and Burridge 1987
pyrene	D. magna	24 hours	2702	Newsted and Giesy 1987
pyrene	C. septemspinosa	96 hours	225	McLeese and Burridge 1987
chrysene	D. magna	24 hours	6088	Newsted and Giesy 1987
benzo[a]anthracene	D. magna	24 hours	2920	McCarthy et al. 1985
benzo[a]anthracene	D. magna	24 hours	10 226	Newsted and Giesy 1987
benzo[k]fluoranthene	D. magna	24 hours	13 225	Newsted and Giesy 1987
benzo[a]pyrene	D. magna	24 hours	12 761	Newsted and Giesy 1987
benzo[e]pyrene	D. magna	24 hours	25 200	Newsted and Giesy 1987
benzo[ghi]perylene	D. magna	24 hours	28 288	Newsted and Giesy 1987

**Polychaetes**
Substance	Species	Exposure time	BCF (L/kg ww)	Reference
fluoranthene	Nereis virens (sandworm)	96 hours	720	McLeese and Burridge 1987
pyrene	N. virens	96 hours	700	McLeese and Burridge 1987

^[a] Low exposure level (7.57 µg/L).
^[b] High exposure level (72.31 µg/L).

Date modified:: 2013-10-01

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Appendices of Final Screening Assessment Petroleum Sector Stream Approach Heavy Fuel Oils[Industry-Restricted]Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers 64741-75-9 68783-08-4 70592-76-6 70592-77-7 70592-78-8 Environment CanadaHealth Canada July 2013

Appendices

Appendix 5: Modelling results for environmental properties of industry-restricted HFOs

Appendices of Final Screening Assessment

Petroleum Sector Stream Approach

Heavy Fuel Oils
[Industry-Restricted]

Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers

64741-75-9
68783-08-4
70592-76-6
70592-77-7
70592-78-8

Environment Canada
Health Canada
July 2013