Appendices of Final Screening Assessment
Petroleum Sector Stream Approach
Heavy Fuel Oils
[Industry-Restricted]
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers
64741-75-9
68783-08-4
70592-76-6
70592-77-7
70592-78-8
Environment Canada
Health Canada
July 2013
Appendices
- Appendices 1 to 4
- Appendix 5: Modelling results for environmental properties of industryrestricted HFOs
- Tables A5.1 to A5.7
- Table A5.8. Fish BAF and BCF predictions for representative structures of HFOs using the modified Arnot-Gobas three trophic level model (2004) with corrections for metabolism rate (kM) and dietary assimilation efficiency (Ed)
- Table A5.9a. Experimental BCFs and predicted BCFs and BAFs normalized to BCF study conditions and a middle trophic level fish for selected representative structures using a modified version of the Arnot-Gobas BCFBAF model (2003)
- Table A5.9b. Calculated kinetic rate constants for selected representative structures
- Table A5.10. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for PAHs in the marine food webs of Bohai Bay, Baltic Sea and Tokyo Bay
- Table A5.11. Proportion (weight %) of bioaccumulative representative structures in three samples of Fuel Oil No. 6 (Fuhr 2008)
- Table A5.12. Aquatic toxicity of Fuel Oil No. 6
- Table A5.13. Estimated volume of water in contact with oil for loading/unloading and transport processes of oil via ship for various spill sizes (RMRI 2007)
- Table A5.14. An analysis of modelled persistence and experimental and modelled bioaccumulation data (BCF/BAFs) of petroleum hydrocarbons with respect to the Canadian Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations (Canada 2000)
- Appendices 6 to 7
Appendix 5: Modelling results for environmental properties of industry-restricted HFOs
Table A5.8. Fish BAF and BCF predictions for representative structures of HFOs using the modified Arnot-Gobas three trophic level model (2004) with corrections for metabolism rate (kM) and dietary assimilation efficiency (Ed)
| Alkanes | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 n-nonane (111-84-2) | 5.7 | 0.09 | 1905 | 4074 |
| C15 pentadecane (629-62-9) | 7.7 | 0.44 [c] | 42 | 550 |
| Isoalkanes | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 2,3-dimethylheptane (3074-71-3) | 4.6 | 0.184 | 2140 | 3000 |
| C15 2-methyltetradecane (1560-95-8) | 7.5 | 0.020[d] | 1148 | 181 970[q] |
| One-ring cycloalkanes | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 1,2,3-trimethyl-cyclohexane (1678-97-3) | 4.4 | 0.09 | 966 | 1000 |
| C15 nonylcyclohexane (2883-02-5) | 7.5 | 0.023[f] | 2630 | 22 909 |
| Two-ring cycloalkanes | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 cis-bicyclononane (4551-51-3) | 3.7 | 0.08 | 272 | 280 |
| C15 2-isopentadecalin | 6.3 | 0.04[h] | 3236 | 7244 |
| Polycycloalkanes | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C14 hydrophenanthrene | 5.1 | 0.01[i] | 5888 | 8511 |
| C18 hydrochrysene | 6.2 | 0.45[j] | 1023 | 3548 |
| C22 hydropicene | 7.3 | 0.04[k] | 871 | 31 623 |
| One-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 ethylmethylbenzene (25550-14-5) | 3.6 | 0.31 | 191 | 191 |
| C15 2-nonylbenzene (1081-77-2) | 7.1 (expt.) | 0.01[l] | 4365 | 151 356 |
| Cycloalkane monoaromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 tetralin (tetrahydro-naphthalene) (119-64-2) | 3.5 (expt.) | 0.00 | 214 | 562 |
| C15 methyloctahydro-phenanthrene | 5.6 | 0.13[m] | 2630 | 5445 |
| C20 ethyldodecahydro-chyrsene | 6.9 | 0.08[n] | 1698 | 25 119 |
| Two-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C15 4-isopropylbiphenyl | 5.5 (expt.) | 0.65[o] | 871 | 1175 |
| Cyclolkane diaromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12 acenaphthene (83-32-9) | 3.92 (expt.) | 0.10 | 275 | 380 |
| C15 ethylfluorene | 5.05 | 0.23 | 730 | 809 |
| C20 isoheptylfluorene | 7.4 | 0.06[p] | 501 | 26 915 |
| Three-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C15 2-methylphenanthrene (2531-84-2) | 4.9 | 0.20 | 789 | 851 |
| C20 2-isohexylphenanthrene | 7.2 | 0.04 | 1100 | 60 256 |
| Four-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C16 fluoranthene (206-44-0) | 5.2 (expt.) | 0.13 | 516 | 563 |
| C20 benzo[k]fluoranthene (207-08-9) | 6.1 (expt.) | 0.11 | 393 | 676 |
| Five-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C20 benzo[a]pyrene (50-32-8) | 6.1 (expt.) | 0.38 | 500 | 984 |
| Six-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Metabolic rate constant for MTL fish (day-1)[a] | BCF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) | BAF[b] MTL fish (L/kg ww) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C22 benzo[ghi]perylene (191-24-2) | 6.6 (expt.) | 1.13 | 91.2 | 161 |
Abbreviation: (expt.), experimental log Kow data
[a] Metabolic rate constant normalized to middle trophic level (MTL) fish in Arnot-Gobas three trophic level model (2004) at W = 184 g, T = 10°C, L = 6.8%) based on estimated QSAR vaues from BCFBAF v3.01 unless otherwise indicated
[b] Arnot-Gobas BCF and BAF predictions for middle trophic level fish using three trophic level model (Arnot and Gobas 2004) using normalized rate constant and correcting for observed or estimated dietary assimilation efficiency reported in Tables A5.9a and A5.9b (Appendix 5).
[c] Based on rate constant data for C15 n-pentadecane.
[d] Based rate constant for C15 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane.
[e] Based on rate constant for C9 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene.
[f] Based on rate constant data for octylcyclohexane.
[h] Based on rate constant data for isopropyldecalin and diisopropyldecalin.
[i] Based on rate constant data for isopropyl hydrophenanthrene and 1-methyl-7-(isopropyl)-hydrophenanthrene.
[j] Based on rate constant data for octahydrochrysene, perhydrochrysene and hexahydrochrysene.
[k] Based on rate constant data for dodecahydrochrysene.
[l] Based on rate constant data for octylbenzene and decylbenzene.
[m] Based on rate constant data for octahydrophenanthrene.
[n] Based on rate constant data for dodecahydrochrysene.
[o] Based on rate constant data for ethylbiphenyl.
[p] Based on rate constant data for fluorene as worst case (more bioavailable).
[q] Bolded values refer to BAFs greater than or equal to 5000 based on the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations (Canada 2000a)
[*] Alkanes C20–C50, Isoalkanes C20–C50, One-ring cycloalkanes C20–C50, Two-ring cycloalkanes C20–C50, One-ring aromatic C20–C50, Two-ring aromatic C20–C50, Three-ring aromatic C30–C50 and Five-ring aromatic C30 all having values of log Kow greater than 8 were excluded from this comparison, as model predictions may be highly uncertain for chemicals that have estimated log Kow values greater than 8 (Arnot and Gobas 2003).
Table A5.9a. Experimental BCFs and predicted BCFs and BAFs normalized to BCF study conditions and a middle trophic level fish for selected representative structures using a modified version of the Arnot-Gobas BCFBAF model (2003)
| Alkanes | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C8 octane[h] | 5.18 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 530 | 537 | 490 | 560 | 537 | JNITE 2010; carp |
| C12 n-dodecane[h] | 6.10 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 240 | 240 | 794 | 251 | 1950 | Tolls and van Dijk 2002, fathead minnow |
| C15 n-pentadecane | 7.71 | BCFss[1] | 20 | 21 | 18 | 100 | 112 | CITI 1992; carp |
| C15 n-pentadecane | 7.71 | BCFss[1] | 26 | 27 | 23 | 162 | 182 | JNITE 2010; carp |
| C16 n-hexadecane[h] | 8.20 | BCFss[1] | 46 | 47 | 41 | 1778 | 1995 | CITI 1992; carp |
| C16 n-hexadecane[h] | 3.15 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | JNITE 2010; carp |
| Isoalkanes | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C15 2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane[h] | 7.49 | BCFss[1] | 152 | 151 1000[d] | 85 575[d] | 490 16 595[d] | 575 47 863[d] | EMBSI 2006a; rainbow trout |
| C15 2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane[h] | 7.49 | BMFkinetic | 0.97[f] | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2004a, 2005a; rainbow trout |
| One-ring cycloalkanes | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6 cyclohexane[h] | 3.44 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 77 | 77 | 89 | 77 | 89 | CITI 1992; carp |
| C7 1-methyl-cyclohexane[h] | 3.61 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 240 | 190[*] | 275[*] | 229[*] | 426[*] | CITI 1992; carp |
| C8 ethyl-cyclohexane[h] | 4.56 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 2529 | 1622[*] | 2344[*] | 4467[*] | 5495[*] | CITI 1992; carp |
| C14 n-octyl-cyclohexane | 7.0 | BMFkinetic | 0.06 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2006a; BMF rainbow trout |
| Two-ring cycloalkanes | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 trans-decalin[h] | 4.20 | BCFss[1] | 2200 | 724[*] | 1072[*] | 1288[*] | 1660[*] | CITI 1992; carp |
| C10 cis-decalin[h] | 4.20 | BCFss[1] | 2500 | 724[*] | 1072[*] | 1288[*] | 1660[*] | CITI 1992; carp |
| C13 isopropyl-decalin[h] | 5.50 | BMFkinetic | 0.02 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2006a; BMF rainbow trout |
| C16 diisopropyl-decalin[h] | 6.85 | BMFkinetic | 0.1 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008a; BMF rainbow trout |
| Polycyclo-alkanes | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C17 isopropyl-hydro-phenanthrene[h] | 6.5 | BMFkinetic | 0.45 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2006b BMF Rainbow Trout |
| C18 1-methyl-7-(isopropyl)-hydro-phenanthrene[h] | 7.0 | BMFkinetic | 0.35 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008a; BMF rainbow trout |
| C18 perhydro-chrysene | 6.0 | BMFkinetic | 0.38 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008b; BMF rainbow trout |
| One-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene[h] | 3.66 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 133[e] | 135 | 155 | 135 | 155 | CITI 1992; carp |
| C10 1,2-diethyl-benzene[h] | 3.72 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 516[e] | 245[*] | 355[*] | 309[*] | 427[*] | CITI 1992; carp |
| C11 1-methyl-4-tertbutyl-benzene[h] | 3.66 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | less than 1.0 | 214[*] | 309[*] | 263[*] | 263[*] | JNITE 2010; carp |
| C14 n-octyl-benzene[h] | 6.3 (expt.) | BMFkinetic | 0.02[f] | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2007a, 2007b; BMF rainbow trout and carp |
| C16 decyl-benzene[h] | 7.4 (expt.) | BMFkinetic | 0.18 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2005c; BMF rainbow trout |
| Cycloalkane monoaromatics | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 tetralin | 3.49 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 230 | 145[*] | 214[*] | 166[*] | 562[*] | CITI 1992; carp |
| C14 octahydro- phenanthrene[h] | 5.9 | BCFss[1] | 3418 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2005d; BCF rainbow trout |
| C14 octahydro- phenanthrene[h] | 5.9 | BMFkinetic[1] | 0.13 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2009; BMF rainbow trout |
| C18 dodecahydro- chyrsene[h] | 6.00 | BCFss[1] | 4588 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008c; rainbow trout |
| C18 dodecahydro- chyrsene[h] | 6.00 | BMFkinetic[1] | 0.17 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2010a; BMF rainbow trout |
| Two-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 naphthalene[h] | 3.30 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 94 | 95[*] | 138[*] | 105[*] | 148[*] | JNITE 2010; carp |
| 3.30 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 93[e] | 95[*] | 138[*] | 105[*] | 148[*] | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C11 2-methyl-naphthalene[h] | 3.86 (expt.) | BCFss[1] BCFkinetic[1] | 2886[e] 3930[f] | 2 884[*] | n/a | 2884[*] | n/a | Jonsson et al. 2004; sheepshead minnow |
| C12 1,3-dimethyl-naphthalene[h] | 4.42 (expt.) | BCFss[1] BCFkinetic[1] | 4039[e] 5751[f] | 4073 | n/a | 4073 | n/a | Jonsson et al. 2004; sheepshead minnow |
| C13 2-isopropyl-naphthalene | 4.63 | BCFss[1] BCFkinetic[1] | 12 902[e] 33 321[f] | 12 882 | n/a | 12 882 | n/a | Jonsson et al. 2004; sheepshead minnow |
| C14 4-ethyl-biphenyl[h] | 4.80 | BCFss[1] | 839[e] | 832 | 759 | 851 | 813 | Yakata et al. 2006; carp |
| Cycloalkane diaromatics | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12 acenaphthene | 3.92 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 991[e] | 389 | 562 | 977 | 741 | CITI 1992; carp |
| C18 hexahydro- terphenyl[h] | 6.44 | BCFss[1] | 1646 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008c; rainbow trout |
| C18 hexahydro- terphenyl[h] | 6.44 | BMFkinetic | 0.06 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2009; rainbow trout |
| C18 octahydro-chrysene[h] | 6.0 | BMFkinetic | 0.05 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2010a; BMF rainbow trout |
| C18 hexahydro- chrysene[h] | 5.8 | BMFkinetic | 0.05 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2010a; BMF rainbow trout |
| Three- and Four-ring aromatics | Log Kow | Study endpoint | BCF or BMF measured (L/kg ww) | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions [b] | Predicted BCF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL fish [c] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) Study conditions[b] | Predicted BAF[a] (L/kg ww) MTL Fish [c] | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12 acenaph-thylene[h] | 3.94 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 275[e] | 275 | 380 | 275 | 380 | Yakata et al. 2006; carp |
| C13 fluorene[h] | 4.18 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 1030[e] | 1023 | 1071 | 1023 | 3311 | CITI 1992 (carp); Carlson et al. 1979 (fathead minnow) |
| C14 phenanthrene[h] | 4.46 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 2944[e] | 2951 | 1905[*] | 2884 | 3890[*] | Carlson et al. 1979; fathead minnow |
| C16 fluoranthene | 5.16 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 277[e] | 275 | 646 | 281 | 724 | EMBSI 2007a, 2007b; rainbow trout |
| C16 fluoranthene | 5.16 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 1700 | 1698 | 1288 | 1820 | 1621 | Carlson et al. 1979; fathead minnow |
| C16 fluoranthene | 5.16 (expt.) | BMFkinetic | 0.021[f] | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI, 2007b, 2007a, 2008b, 2009 BMF; rainbow trout |
| C18 chrysene[h] | 5.81 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 153 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2006b; rainbow trout BCF |
| C18 chrysene[h] | 5.81 (expt.) | BMFkinetic | 0.023[f] | 1546 | 1047 | 1950 | 1995 | EMBSI 2010a, 2010b; rainbow trout BMF |
| C18 triphenylene[h] | 5.49 (expt.) | BCFss[1] | 61 | 62 | 54 | 63 | 55 | JNITE 2010; carp |
| C18 1-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-phenanthrene[h] | 6.4 | BMFkinetic | 0.03 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008a; BMF rainbow trout |
Abbreviation: (expt.), experimental log Kow data
[a]BCF and BAF predictions were performed using the Arnot-Gobas mass-balance kinetic model normalizing the metabolic rate constant according to fish weight, lipid content and temperature reported in study or protocol.
[b] Fish weight, lipid content and water temperature used when specified in study. For CITI/NITE tests when conditions not known, fish weight = 30 g, lipid = 4.7%, temperature = 22oC for carp in accordance with MITI BCF test protocol. When more than one study was reported, the geomean of study values was used for model normalization inputs.
[c] Kinetic mass-balance predictions made for middle trophic level fish (W = 184 g, T = 10°C, L = 6.8%) in Arnot-Gobas three trophic level model (Arnot and Gobas 2004).
[d] Calculated using growth rate corrected elimination half-life reported in BCF study.
[e] Geometric mean of reported steady-state values.
[f] Geometric mean of reported kinetic values.
[g] Corrected BAF using dietary assimilation efficiency of 3.2%.
[h] Structures that are included as analogues for the chosen representative structures.
[1] BCF steady state (tissue conc./water conc.).
[*] Predictions generated with metabolism rate equal to zero due to negative predicted metabolism rate constant. Metabolism rate constant deemed erroneous or not applicable given log Kow and BCF result (see kinetic rate constants table).
n/a – not applicable; study details could not be obtained to determine predicted BCFs and BAFs.
Table A5.9b. Calculated kinetic rate constants for selected representative structures
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C8 octane[e] | BCFss[1] | 406 | 0.742 | 0.077 |
| C12 n-dodecane[e] | BCFss[1] | 1525 | 5.00 | 0.035 |
| C15 n-pentadecane | BCFss[1] | 407 | 1.69 | 0.000 |
| C15 n-pentadecane | BCFss[1] | 407 | 1.30 | 0.000 |
| C16 n-hexadecane[e] | BCFss[1] | 407 | 0.252 | 0.000 |
| C16 n-hexadecane[e] | BCFss[1] | 379 | 19.28 | 5.720 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C15 2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane[e] | BCFss[1] | 1317 | 0.2103[b] 1.139 | 0.000[c] 0.005 |
| C15 2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.071 0.036[d] | 0.000 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6 cyclohexane[e] | BCFss[1] | 392 | 5.090 | 3.031 |
| C7 1-methylcyclohexane[e] | BCFss[1] | 397 | 2.081 | 2.072 |
| C8 ethylcyclohexane[e] | BCFss[1] | 405 | 0.247 | 0.238 |
| C14 n-octylcyclohexane[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.130 0.095 | 0.000 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 trans-decalin[e] | BCFss[1] | 404 | 0.519 | 0.510 |
| C10 cis-decalin[e] | BCFss[1] | 404 | 0.551 | 0.542 |
| C13 isopropyldecalin[e] and C16 diisopropyldecalin[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.478 0.136 | 0.000 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C17 isopropylhydro-phenanthrene[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.078 0.043 | 0.000 | |
| C18 1-methyl-7-(isopropyl)-hydro-phenanthrene[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.071 0.036 | 0.000 | |
| C18 perhydrochrysene[m] | BMFkinetic | 0.091 0.056 | 0.000 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene[e] | BCFss[1] | 398 | 2.989 | 1.852 |
| C10 1,2-diethylbenzene[e] | BCFss[1] | 398 | 1.679 | 1.617 |
| C11 1-methyl-4-tertbutyl-benzene[e] | BCFss[1] | 398 | 398.2 | 1.852 |
| C14 n-octylbenzene[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.643 0.608 | 0.000 | |
| C16 decylbenzene[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.324 0.289 | 0.000 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 tetralin | BCFss[1] | 394 | 2.720 | 2.711 |
| C14 octahydro-phenanthrene[e] | BCFss[1] | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| C14 octahydro- phenanthrene[e] | BMFkinetic[1] | 0.239 0.204 | 0.000 | |
| C18 dodecahydrochrysene[e] | BCFss[1] | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| C18 dodecahydrochrysene[e] | BMFkinetic[1] | 0.174 0.139 | 0.000 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 naphthalene[e] | BCFss[1] | 387 | 4.138 | 4.129 |
| C11 2-methylnaphthalene[e] | BCFss[1] BCFkinetic[1] | 1089 | 0.610[d] 0.610 | 0.607 |
| C12 1,3-dimethylnaphthalene[e] | BCFss[1] BCFkinetic[1] | 2322[d] 1100 | 0.406[d] 0.406 | n/a 0.403 |
| C13 2-isopropyl-naphthalene[e] | BCFss[1] BCFkinetic[1] | 3961[d] | 0.120[d] 0.120 | n/a 0.551[f] |
| C14 4-ethylbiphenyl[e] | BCFss[1] | 1.140 | 0.480 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12 acenaphthene | BCFss[1] | 401 | 1.037 | 1.028 |
| C18 hexahydroterphenyl[e] | BCFss[1] | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| C18 octahydrochrysene[e] | BMFkinetic | 1.424 1.390 | 0.000 | |
| C18 hexahydrochrysene[e] | BMFkinetic | 1.424 1.390 | 0.000 |
| Substance | Study endpoint | Uptake rate constants day-1 (k1) | Total elimination rate constant day-1 (kT)[b] | Gill elimination rate constant day-1 (k2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12 acenaphthylene[e] | BCFss[1] | 456 | 1.611 | 1.273 |
| C13 fluorene[e] | BCFss[1] | 622 | 0.901 | 0.892 |
| C13 fluorene[e] | BMFkinetic[1] | 0.100 (ke) | 0.000 | |
| C14 phenanthrene[e] | BCFss[1] | 957 | 0.833 | 0.821 |
| C16 fluoranthene | BCFss[1] | 197 | 0.548 | 0.151 |
| C18 chrysene[e] | BCFss[1] | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| C18 chrysene[e] | BMFkinetic | 0.508[f] | 0.000 | |
| C18 triphenylene[e] | BCFss[1] | 406 | 3.512 | 0.009 |
| C18 1-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-phenanthrene[e] | BMFkinetic | 1.815 1.78 | 0.000 |
Table A5.9b cont. Calculated kinetic rate constants for selected representative structures
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C8 octane[e] | 0.657 | 0.001 | 0.007 | JNITE 2010; carp | |
| C12 n-dodecane[e] | 4.95 | 0.002 | 0.013 | Tolls and van Dijk 2002; fathead minnow | |
| C15 n-pentadecane | 1.69 | 0.001 | 0.003 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C15 n-pentadecane | 1.30 | 0.001 | 0.003 | JNITE 2010; carp | |
| C16 n-hexadecane[e] | 0.249 | 0.001 | 0.002 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C16 n-hexadecane[e] | 13.30 | 0.001 | 0.008 | JNITE 2010; carp |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C15 2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane[e] | 0.158[h] 1.119 | 0.0425[d] 0.008 | 0.002 0.005 | EMBSI 2004b, 2005b; rainbow trout | |
| C15 2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane[e] | 0.032[h] | 0.035 | 0.004 | 28% | EMBSI 2004a, 2005a; rainbow trout |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6 cyclohexane[e] | 2.050 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C7 1-methyl-cyclohexane[e] | -0.429 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C8 ethylcyclohexane[e] | -0.087 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C14 n-octyl-cyclohexane[e] | 0.087[h] | 0.035 | 0.008 | 5% | EMBSI 2006a; BMF rainbow trout |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 trans-decalin[e] | -0.336 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C10 cis-decalin[e] | -0.390 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C13 isopropyldecalin[e] and C16 diisopropyldecalin[e] | 0.128[h] | 0.035 | 0.008 | 6% | EMBSI 2006a; rainbow trout |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C17 isopropylhydro- phenanthrene[e] | 0.035[h] | 0.035 | 0.008 | 13% | EMBSI 2006b; rainbow trout |
| C18 1-methyl-7-(isopropyl)-hydro-phenanthrene[e] | 0.030[h] | 0.035 | 0.006 | 9% | EMBSI 2008a; rainbow trout |
| C18 perhydrochrysene[e] | 0.048[h] | 0.035 | 0.008 | 15% | EMBSI 2008b; rainbow trout |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene[e] | 1.128 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C10 1,2-diethyl-benzene[e] | -0.854 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C11 1-methyl-4-tertbutylbenzene[e] | 395.6 | 0.001 | 0.008 | JNITE 2010; carp | |
| C14 n-octylbenzene[e] | 0.600[h] | 0.035 | 0.008 | 10% | EMBSI 2007a, b; BMF rainbow trout and carp |
| C16 decylbenzene[e] | 0.284[h] | 0.035 | 0.005 | EMBSI 2005c; BMF rainbow trout |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 tetralin | -1.009 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C14 octahydro-phenanthrene[e] | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2005d; BCF rainbow trout |
| C14 octahydro-phenanthrene[e] | 0.197[h] | 0.035 | 0.007 | 19% | EMBSI 2009; BMF rainbow trout |
| C18 dodecahydro-chyrsene[e] | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008c; rainbow trout |
| C18 dodecahydro-chyrsene[e] | 0.132[h] | 0.035 | 0.007 | 18% | EMBSI 2008c; rainbow trout |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10 naphthalene[e] | -0.020 | 0.001 | 0.008 | JNITE 2010; carp | |
| C11 2-methyl-naphthalene[e] | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 3.2%[g] | Jonsson et al. 2004; sheepshead minnow |
| C12 1,3-dimethyl-naphthalene[e] | n/a 0.000 | n/a 0.002 | n/a 0.001 | n/a 3.2%[g] | Jonsson et al. 2004 (cited in Lampi et al. 2010); sheepshead minnow |
| C13 2-isopropyl-naphthalene[e] | n/a -0.447 | n/a 0.002 | n/a 0.014 | n/a 3.2%[g] | Jonsson et al. 2004; sheepshead minnow |
| C14 4-ethylbiphenyl[e] | 0.645 | 0.002 | 0.013 | Yakata et al. 2006; carp |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12 acenaphthene | -0.632 | 0.001 | 0.008 | CITI 1992; carp | |
| C18 hexahydro-terphenyl[e] | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2008c; rainbow trout | |
| C18 octahydro-chrysene[e] | 1.383[h] | 0.034 | 0.007 | 55% | EMBSI 2010a; BMF rainbow trout |
| C18 hexahydro-chrysene[e] | 1.383[h] | 0.034 | 0.007 | 49% | EMBSI 2010a; BMF rainbow trout |
| Substance | Metabolic rate constant day-1 (kM)[a] | Growth rate constant day-1 (kG) | Fecal egestion rate constant day-1 (kE)[c] | Dietary assimilation efficiency (α, ED) | Reference; species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12 acenaphthylene[e] | 0.370 | 0.001 | 0.010 | Yakata et al. 2006; carp | |
| C13 fluorene[e] | -0.302 | 0.001 | 0.012 | CITI 1992; Carlson et al. 1979 | |
| C13 fluorene[e] | 0.098 | n/a | 0.002 | 14% | Niimi and Palazzo 1986 |
| C14 phenanthrene[e] | -0.512 | 0.002 | 0.012 | Carlson et al. 1979; fathead minnow | |
| C16 fluoranthene | 0.383 | 0.002 | 0.012 | Carlson et al. 1979; fathead minnow | |
| C18 chrysene[e] | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | EMBSI 2006b, 2009; rainbow trout |
| C18 chrysene[e] | 0.471 | 0.035[f] | 0.002[c] | 8%[f] | EMBSI 2010a, 2010b; BMF rainbow trout |
| C18 triphenylene[e] | 3.500 | 0.0007 | 0.003 | JNITE 2010; carp | |
| C18 1-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-phenanthrene[e] | 1.773[h] | 0.035 | 0.007 | 4% | EMBSI 2008a; BMF rainbow trout |
[a] Negative values of kM indicate possible kinetic model error, as the estimated rate of metabolism exceeds the total of all other elimination rate constants combined. Observed BCFs may thus not be explained by kinetic modelling of metabolic rate (e.g., steric hindrance, low bioavailability) and could also point to study exposure error. Negative values of kM are not included in the estimate of kT.
[b] kT = (kE + kG).
[c] Calculated using kinetic mass-balance BCF or BAF model based on reported rate kinetics of empirical study and correcting for log Kow, fish body weight, temperature and lipid content of fish from cited study.
[d] As reported in empirical study (geomean used when multiple values reported).
[e] Structures that are included as analogues for the chosen representative structures.
[f] Value adjusted so that predicted kT agrees with observed k2 reported in study.
[g] Based on assimilation efficiency data for 6-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylnaphthalene.
[h] Calculated using kinetic mass-approach when ke is known (Arnot et al. 2008a) and correcting for log Kow, fish body weight, temperature and lipid content of fish from cited study.
[1] BCF steady state (tissue conc./water conc.).
[*] Calculated using mass-balance approach as outlined in Arnot et al. (2008a) when BCF is known and correcting for log Kow, fish body weight, temperature and lipid content of fish from cited study.
[**] kT = (k2 + kM + kE + kG) or when depuration rate constant is known kT = (k2 + kG)
n/a – not applicable; study details could not be obtained to determine predicted BCFs and BAFs.
| Compound | TMF (Wan et al. 2007) | TMF (Nfon et al. 2008) | TMF (Takeuchi et al. 2009) |
|---|---|---|---|
| acenaphthylene | 0.45[*] | ||
| acenaphthene | 1.02 | ||
| benz[a]anthracene | 0.2[*] | 0.75[*] | 0.83 |
| benzo[a]pyrene | 0.24[*] | 0.75 | 0.80 |
| benzo[e]pyrene | 0.25[*] | 0.86 | 0.57 |
| benzo[b]fluoranthene | 0.60[*] | ||
| benzo[b+k]fluoranthene | 0.27[*] | ||
| benzo[j+k]fluoranthene | 0.69[*] | ||
| benzo[k]fluoranthene | 0.84 | ||
| benzo[ghi]perylene | 0.66 | 0.75 | 0.72 |
| chrysene | 0.26[*] | 0.66[*] | 0.65[*] |
| fluoranthene | 0.11[*] | 0.72[*] | 0.60[*] |
| fluorene | 1.15 | ||
| Indeno[123-cd]pyrene | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.80 |
| dibenz[ah]anthracene | 0.85 | ||
| perylene | 0.24[*] | 0.67 | 0.77 |
| phenanthrene | 0.43 | 0.82[*] | 0.75[*] |
| pyrene | 0.17[*] | 0.74[*] | 0.62[*] |
[1] Antilogs of the slopes of the regression equations for the lipid-based PAH concentrations versus d15N were used to calculate the TMFs.
[*] Indicates a significant TMF slope.
[*] Indicates a significant TMF slope.
| Bioaccumulative[*] representative structures | Boiling point (°C) | Weight % Sample A | Weight % Sample B | Weight % Sample C | Weight % Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isoalkane C15 | 250 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.9 |
| Monocycloalkane C15 | 282 | 3.4 | 2 | 1.9 | 2.4 |
| Dicycloalkane C15 | 244 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
| Polycycloalkane C14 | 255 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 2.7 |
| Polycycloalkane C22 | 365 | ||||
| One-ring aromatic C15 | 281 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 2.7 |
| Cycloalkane monoaromatic C15 | 285 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 1.9 |
| Cycloalkane monoaromatic C20 | 351 | ||||
| Cycloalkane diaromatic C20 | 374 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 |
| Three-ring aromatic C20 | 398 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 2.4 |
| Four-ring aromatic C16[a] | 384–398 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 2.4 |
| Four-ring aromatic C18[a] | 466 | ||||
| Five-ring aromatic C20[a] | 480–509 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Six-ring aromatic C22[a] | greater than 500 | 0.7[b] | 0.4[b] | 0.4[b] | 0.5[b] |
| Totals | 25.3 | 22.4 | 24.2 | 24.0 |
[*] Determined by results in the modified Arnot-Gobas Three Trophic Level Model (2003) in Table A5.8 as set out by the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations (Canada 2000) with consideration of experimental data.
[a] Structures with empirical BCFs indicating bioconcentration in invertebrates as set out by the Persistence and Bioacccumulation Regulations (Canada 2000).
[b] Assumed to be unidentified aromatics in the samples of Fuel Oil No. 6 (Fuhr 2008).
[a] Structures with empirical BCFs indicating bioconcentration in invertebrates as set out by the Persistence and Bioacccumulation Regulations (Canada 2000).
[b] Assumed to be unidentified aromatics in the samples of Fuel Oil No. 6 (Fuhr 2008).
Table A5.12. Aquatic toxicity of Fuel Oil No. 6
| Test organism | Common name | Type of test | Endpoint | Comment | Value (mg/L) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oncorhynchus kisutch | Coho salmon | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | 4800 | Hebert and Kussat 1972 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch | Coho salmon | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | greater than 10 000 | Hebert and Kussat 1972 |
| Oncorhynchus kisutch | Coho salmon | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | 7500 | Hebert and Kussat 1972 |
| Alosa sapidissma | American shad | 48-hour acute | LC50 | Not reported | 2417 | Tagatz 1961 |
| Leptocottus armatus | Staghorn sculpin | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | 780 | Hebert and Kussat 1972 |
| Leptocottus armatus | Staghorn sculpin | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | 5600 | Hebert and Kussat 1972 |
| Leptocottus armatus | Staghorn sculpin | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | 3400 | Hebert and Kussat 1972 |
| Salmo salar | Atlantic salmon | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | greater than 10 000 | Sprague and Carson 1970 |
| Pseudopleuronectes americanus | Winter flounder | 96-hour acute | LC50 | OWD | greater than 10 000 | Sprague and Carson 1970 |
| Fundulus similus | Longnose killifish | 24-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 3.8 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Fundulus similus | Longnose killifish | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 2.27 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Fundulus similus | Longnose killifish | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 1.69 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Menidia menidia | Atlantic silverside | 96-hour acute | LC50 | Not reported | 130 | Hollister et al. 1980 |
| Cyprinodon variegatus | Sheepshead minnow | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 4.7 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Cyprinodon variegatus | Sheepshead minnow | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 4.4 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Cyprinodon variegatus | Sheepshead minnow | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 3.1 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Menidia beryllina | Inland silverside | 24-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 3.6 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Menidia beryllina | Inland silverside | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 2.7 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Menidia beryllina | Inland silverside | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 1.9 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Lepomis macrochirus | Bluegill | 96-hour acute | LL50 | OWD | greater than 10 000 | Mobil 1987d |
| Test organism | Common name | Type of test | Endpoint | Comment | Value (mg/L) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daphnia magna | Water flea | 48-hour acute | EC50 (immobilization) | WSF | 4.14 | MacLean and Doe 1989 |
| Daphnia magna | Water flea | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | greater than 4.45 | MacLean and Doe 1989 |
| Daphnia magna | Water flea | 48-hour acute | EL50 | OWD | greater than 10 000 | Mobil 1987e |
| Artemia salina | Brine shrimp | 48-hour acute | EC50 (immobilization) | WSF | greater than 2.29 | MacLean and Doe 1989 |
| Artemia salina | Brine shrimp | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | greater than 2.29 | MacLean and Doe 1989 |
| Acartia tonsa | Copepod | 96-hour acute | LC50 | Not reported | 5.1 | Hollister et al. 1980 |
| Paleomonetes pugio | Grass shrimp | 24-hour acute | LD50 | WSF[*] | 3.2 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Paleomonetes pugio | Grass shrimp | 48-hour acute | LD50 | WSF[*] | 2.8 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Paleomonetes pugio | Grass shrimp | 96-hour acute | LD50 | WSF[*] | 2.6 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Paleomonetes pugio | Grass shrimp | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF-1:9, 20-hour mix, serial dilutions, ppm dissolved total HC by IR | 2.6 3.1 2.2 | Tatem et al. 1978 |
| Penaeus aztecus (postlarvae) | Brown shrimp | 24-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 3.8 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Penaeus aztecus (postlarvae) | Brown shrimp | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 3.5 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Penaeus aztecus (postlarvae) | Brown shrimp | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF[*] | 1.9 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Limulus polyphemus | Horseshoe crabs (juvenile) | 7 day | Increased mortality and delayed moult | 2.25 | Strobel and Brenowitz 1981 | |
| Mercenaria mercenaria | Quahog clam – embryo | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF concentration = 25.2 ± 1.7 ppm | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) ppm | Byrne and Calder 1977 |
| Mercenaria mercenaria | Quahog clam – larvae | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF concentration = 25.2 ± 1.7 ppm | 3.2 (2.3–4.5) ppm | Byrne and Calder 1977 |
| Mercenaria mercenaria | Quahog clam – larvae | 6 day | LC50 | WSF concentration = 25.2 ± 1.7 ppm | 1.8 (1.0–2.6) ppm | Byrne and Calder 1977 |
| Mercenaria mercenaria | Quahog clam – larvae | 10 day | LC50 | WSF concentration = 25.2 ± 1.7 ppm | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) ppm | Byrne and Calder 1977 |
| Mercenaria mercenaria | Quahog clam – larvae | 6 day growth test | EC50 | WSF concentration = 25.2 ± 1.7 ppm | 1.9 (1.6–2.1) ppm | Byrne and Calder 1977 |
| Mercenaria mercenaria | Quahog clam – larvae | 10 day growth test | EC50 | WSF concentration = 25.2 ± 1.7 ppm | 1.0 (0.49–2.04) ppm | Byrne and Calder 1977 |
| Neanthes arenaceodentata | Polychaete marine worm | 96-hour acute | LC50 | Not given | 3.6 | Neff and Anderson 1981 |
| Neanthes arenaceodentata | Polychaete marine worm | 24-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | greater than 6.3 | Rossi et al. 1976 |
| Neanthes arenaceodentata | Polychaete marine worm | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | 4.6 | Rossi et al. 1976 |
| Neanthes arenaceodentata | Polychaete marine worm | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | 3.6 | Rossi et al. 1976 |
| Capitella capitata | Marine worm | 24-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | greater than 6.3 | Rossi et al. 1976 |
| Capitella capitata | Marine worm | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | 1.1 | Rossi et al. 1976 |
| Capitella capitata | Marine worm | 96-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | 0.9 | Rossi et al. 1976 |
| Capitella capitata | Marine worm | 96-hour acute | LC50 | Not Reported | 0.9 | Neff and Anderson 1981 |
| Mysidopsis almyra | Mysid shrimp | 24-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | 6.3 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Mysidopsis almyra | Mysid shrimp | 48-hour acute | LC50 | WSF | 0.9 | Anderson et al. 1974 |
| Test organism | Common name | Type of test | Endpoint | Comment | Value (mg/L) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skeletonema costatum | Diatom | 96-hour acute | EC50 | Not given | 160 | Hollister et al. 1980 |
| Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Selenastrum capricornutum) | Green alga | 96-hour acute | EC50 | WSF-1:8, 16-hour mix, serial dilutions | No inhibition – 100% WSF Stimulation – 0.1% WSF | Giddings et al. 1980 |
| Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Selenastrum capricornutum) | Green alga | 96-hour acute | EC50 | Material heated, spread in container, water overlay | greater than 5000 | Mobil 1987f |
| Microsystus aeruginosa | Blue-green alga | 96-hour acute | EC50 | WSF-1:8, 16-hour mix, serial dilutions | No inhibition – 100% WSF Stimulation – 0.1% WSF | Giddings et al. 1980 |
Definitions: LC50: the concentration of a substance that is estimated to be lethal to 50% of the test organisms; EC50: the concentration of a substance that is estimated to cause a defined effect on 50% of the test organisms; WSF: water-soluble fraction; OWD: oil-in-water dispersion
[*] WSF-1:9, 20-hour mix, serial dilutions, LC50 based on ppm dissolved total hydrocarbons by Infrared Spectrophometry.
[*] WSF-1:9, 20-hour mix, serial dilutions, LC50 based on ppm dissolved total hydrocarbons by Infrared Spectrophometry.
Table A5.13. Estimated volume of water in contact with oil for loading/unloading and transport processes of oil via ship for various spill sizes (RMRI 2007)
| Spill size (barrels) | Loading/unloading | Transport |
|---|---|---|
| 1–49 | 60 | 5750 |
| 50–999 | 150 | 6250 |
| 1000–9999 | 300 | 9600 |
| 10 000–99 999 | 2200 | 17 350 |
| 100 000–199 999 | 32 500 | 49 500 |
| greater than 200 000 | 35 000 | 74 100 |
| C# | C9 | C10 | C12 | C14 | C15 | C18 | C20 | C22 | C25 | C30 | C50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n-alkane | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||||
| i-alkane | * | * | * | B | * | * | * | * | P* | P* | |
| monocycloalkane | * | * | * | B | * | * | * | * | P* | P* | |
| dicycloalkane | * | * | * | PB | P* | P | P* | P* | P* | P* | |
| polycycloalkane | (-) | (-) | (-) | PB | P* | P | P* | PB | * | * | * |
| monoaromatic | * | * | * | B | * | * | * | P* | P* | ||
| cycloalkane monoaromatic | * | * | * | PB | PB | PB | P* | P* | * | * | |
| diaromatic | (-) | * | * | * | P | P* | P* | P* | P* | P* | * |
| cycloalkane diaromatic | (-) | (-) | P | * | B | * | * | * | * | ||
| Three-ring PAH | (-) | (-) | * | * | PB | P | P | P | P | ||
| Four-ring PAH | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | PB[c] | P | * | * | * | * |
| Five-ring PAH | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | PB[c] | P* | P* | P* | * |
| Six-ring PAH | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | PB[c] | * | * | * |
[a] Bioaccumulation potential for carbon number with no experimental data are assumed to be the same as carbon numbers bracketing them. For example, the C15 and C20 cycloalkane monoaromatics were found to bioaccumulative; therefore, the carbon numbers between C15 and C20 for the cycloalkane monoaromatics will also be assumed to be bioaccumulative.
[b] Persistence potential for carbon numbers that were not modelled for persistence are assumed to be the same as carbon numbers bracketing them. For example, the C14 and C18 polycycloalkanes were found to be persistent; therefore, the carbon numbers between C14 and C18 for the polycycloalkanes will also be assumed to be persistent.
[c] Empirical BCFs indicate bioconcentration in invertebrates.
P – Predicted persistence based on data from BioHCWin (2008), BIOWIN (2008), CATABOL (2004–2008) and TOPKAT (2004)
B – Predicted fish BCFs and/or BAFs using the modified Arnot-Gobas three trophic level model (2003) with corrections for metabolism rate (kM) and dietary assimilation efficiency (Ed).
PB – Representative structures that are potentially persistent and bioaccumulative.
Blank cells mean the representative structures are neither persistent nor bioaccumulative.
(-) Indicates that no such carbon numbers exist within the group.
* Not modelled for bioaccumulation as there was no chosen representative structure, or the representative structure was excluded due to a log Kow greater than 8, as model predictions may be highly uncertain for chemicals that have estimated log Kow values greater than 8 (Arnot and Gobas 2003).
[b] Persistence potential for carbon numbers that were not modelled for persistence are assumed to be the same as carbon numbers bracketing them. For example, the C14 and C18 polycycloalkanes were found to be persistent; therefore, the carbon numbers between C14 and C18 for the polycycloalkanes will also be assumed to be persistent.
[c] Empirical BCFs indicate bioconcentration in invertebrates.
P – Predicted persistence based on data from BioHCWin (2008), BIOWIN (2008), CATABOL (2004–2008) and TOPKAT (2004)
B – Predicted fish BCFs and/or BAFs using the modified Arnot-Gobas three trophic level model (2003) with corrections for metabolism rate (kM) and dietary assimilation efficiency (Ed).
PB – Representative structures that are potentially persistent and bioaccumulative.
Blank cells mean the representative structures are neither persistent nor bioaccumulative.
(-) Indicates that no such carbon numbers exist within the group.
* Not modelled for bioaccumulation as there was no chosen representative structure, or the representative structure was excluded due to a log Kow greater than 8, as model predictions may be highly uncertain for chemicals that have estimated log Kow values greater than 8 (Arnot and Gobas 2003).
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