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February 9, 2010

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National Inventory Report, 1990-2004 - Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada

The Canadian Government's Submission to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

APRIL 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS (TOC)

Acknowledgements
Foreword
List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units
List of Tables
List of Figures
Executive Summary
- ES.1 Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Climate Change
  - ES.1.1 Developing Canada's National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
- ES.2 Summary of National Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals
- ES.3 Emissions and Removals Estimates and Trends
  - ES.3.1 2004 Emissions and Removals
  - ES.3.2 Sector Trends
- ES.4 Other Information
  - ES.4.1 Emissions Associated with the Export of Oil and Natural Gas
  - ES.4.2 Provincial/Territorial Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  - ES.4.3 The International Context
1 Introduction
- 1.1 GHG Inventories and Climate Change
  - 1.1.1 CO₂
  - 1.1.2 CH₄
  - 1.1.3 N₂O
  - 1.1.4 HFCs, PFCs, and SF₆
  - 1.1.5 GHGs and the Use of GWPs
  - 1.1.6 Canada's Contribution
- 1.2 Institutional Arrangements for Inventory Preparation
  - 1.2.1 The National Inventory System
  - 1.2.2 Institutional Arrangements
- 1.3 Process for Inventory Preparation
- 1.4 Methodologies and Data Sources
  - 1.4.1 Mandatory Reporting System for GHGs
- 1.5 Key Categories
- 1.6 QA/QC
- 1.7 Inventory Uncertainty
- 1.8 Completeness Assessment
2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Trends, 1990-2004
- 2.1 Summary of Emission Trends
- 2.2 Emission Trends by Gas
- 2.3 Emission Trends by Category
- 2.4 Emission Trends for Ozone and Aerosol Precursors
3 Energy (CRF Sector 1)
- 3.1 Overview
- 3.2 Fuel Combustion (CRF Category 1.A)
- 3.3 Fugitive Emissions (CRF Category 1.B)
  - 3.3.1 Solid Fuels (CRF Category 1.B.1)
  - 3.3.2 Oil and Natural Gas (CRF Category 1.B.2)
- 3.4 Memo Items (CRF Category 1.C)
  - 3.4.1 International Bunker Fuels (CRF Category 1.C.1)
  - 3.4.2 CO₂ Emissions from Biomass
- 3.5 Other Issues
4 Industrial Processes (CRF Sector 2)
- 4.1 Overview
- 4.2 Mineral Products (CRF Category 2.A)
  - 4.2.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.2.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.2.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.2.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.2.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.2.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.3 Ammonia Production (CRF Category 2.B.1)
  - 4.3.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.3.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.3.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.3.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.3.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.3.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.4 Nitric Acid Production (CRF Category 2.B.2)
  - 4.4.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.4.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.4.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.4.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.4.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.4.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.5 Adipic Acid Production (CRF Category 2.B.3)
  - 4.5.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.5.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.5.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.5.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.5.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.5.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.6 Iron and Steel Production (CRF Category 2.C.1)
  - 4.6.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.6.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.6.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.6.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.6.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.6.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.7 Aluminium Metal Production (CRF Category 2.C.3)
  - 4.7.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.7.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.7.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.7.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.7.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.7.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.8 Magnesium Metal Production and Casting (CRF Categories 2.C.4 & 2.C.5)
  - 4.8.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.8.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.8.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.8.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.8.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.8.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.9 Production and Consumption of Halocarbons (CRF Categories 2.E & 2.F)
  - 4.9.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.9.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.9.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.9.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.9.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.9.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.10 Production and Consumption of SF₆ (CRF Categories 2.E & 2.F)
  - 4.10.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.10.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.10.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.10.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.10.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.10.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
- 4.11 Other and Undifferentiated Production (CRF Category 2.G)
  - 4.11.1 Source Category Description
  - 4.11.2 Methodological Issues
  - 4.11.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 4.11.4 Category-Specific QA/QC and Verification
  - 4.11.5 Category-Specific Recalculations
  - 4.11.6 Category-Specific Planned Improvements
5 Solvent and Other Product Use (CRF Sector 3)
- 5.1 Overview
- 5.2 N₂O from Anaesthetics and Propellants
  - 5.2.1 Source Category Description
  - 5.2.2 Methodological Issues
  - 5.2.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 5.2.4 QA/QC and Verification
  - 5.2.5 Recalculations
  - 5.2.6 Planned Improvements
6 Agriculture (CRF Sector 4)
- 6.1 Overview
- 6.2 Enteric Fermentation (CRF Category 4.A)
  - 6.2.1 Source Category Description
  - 6.2.2 Methodological Issues
  - 6.2.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 6.2.4 QA/QC and Verification
  - 6.2.5 Recalculations
  - 6.2.6 Planned Improvements
- 6.3 Manure Management (CRF Category 4.B)
  - 6.3.1 CH₄ Emissions from Manure Management (CRF Category 4.B(a))
  - 6.3.2 N₂O Emissions from Manure Management (CRF Category 4.B (b))
- 6.4 N₂O Emissions from Agricultural Soils (CRF Category 4.D)
7 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (CRF Sector 5)
- 7.1 Overview
- 7.2 Changes since Previous Submission
  - 7.2.1 Methodological Changes
- 7.3 Land Category Definition and Representation of Managed Lands
- 7.4 Forest Land
  - 7.4.1 Forest Land Remaining Forest Land
  - 7.4.2 Land Converted to Forest Land
- 7.5 Cropland
  - 7.5.1 Cropland Remaining Cropland
  - 7.5.2 Land Converted to Cropland
- 7.6 Grassland
- 7.7 Wetlands
  - 7.7.1 Managed Peatlands
  - 7.7.2 Flooded Lands (Reservoirs)
- 7.8 Settlements
  - 7.8.1 Settlements Remaining Settlements
  - 7.8.2 Lands Converted to Settlements
- 7.9 Forest Conversion
  - 7.9.1 Methodological Issues
  - 7.9.2 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 7.9.3 QA/QC and Verification
  - 7.9.4 Recalculations
  - 7.9.5 Planned Improvements
8 Waste (CRF Sector 6)
- 8.1 Overview
- 8.2 Solid Waste Disposal on Land (CRF Category 6.A)
  - 8.2.1 Source Category Description
  - 8.2.2 Methodological Issues
  - 8.2.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 8.2.4 QA/QC and Verification
  - 8.2.5 Recalculations
  - 8.2.6 Planned Improvements
- 8.3 Wastewater Handling (CRF Category 6.B)
  - 8.3.1 Source Category Description
  - 8.3.2 Methodological Issues
  - 8.3.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 8.3.4 QA/QC and Verification
  - 8.3.5 Recalculations
  - 8.3.6 Planned Improvements
- 8.4 Waste Incineration (CRF Category 6.C)
  - 8.4.1 Source Category Description
  - 8.4.2 Methodological Issues
  - 8.4.3 Uncertainties and Time-Series Consistency
  - 8.4.4 QA/QC and Verification
  - 8.4.5 Recalculations
  - 8.4.6 Planned Improvements
9 Recalculations and Improvements
- 9.1 Explanations and Justifications for Recalculations
  - 9.1.1 Energy
  - 9.1.2 Industrial Processes
  - 9.1.3 Solvent and Other Product Use
  - 9.1.4 Agriculture
  - 9.1.5 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
  - 9.1.6 Waste
- 9.2 Implications for Emission Levels
- 9.3 Implications for Emission Trends
- 9.4 Planned Improvements
  - 9.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
  - 9.4.2 Uncertainties
  - 9.4.3 Key Categories
  - 9.4.4 Data Management System
  - 9.4.5 Energy Sector
  - 9.4.6 Industrial Processes Sector
  - 9.4.7 Agriculture Sector
  - 9.4.8 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector
  - 9.4.9 Waste Sector
REFERENCES
ANNEX 1: Key Categories
- A1.1 Key Categories - Methodology
  - A1.1.1 Summary Assessment
- A1.2 Key Category Tables
  - A1.2.1 Level Assessment without LULUCF
  - A1.2.2 Level Assessment with LULUCF
  - A1.2.3 Trend Assessment without LULUCF
  - A1.2.4 Trend Assessment with LULUCF
  - A1.2.5 Qualitative Assessment
- References
ANNEX 2: Methodology and Data for Estimating Emissions from Fuel Combustion
- A2.1 CO₂ Emissions
- A2.2 Non-CO₂ GHGs
- A2.3 Biomass Combustion
- A2.4 Statistics Canada Energy-Use Data - RESD
- References
ANNEX 3: Additional Methodologies
- A3.1 Methodology for Energy
- A3.2 Methodology for Industrial Processes
  - A3.2.1 CO₂ Emissions from Iron and Steel Production
  - A3.2.2 CO₂ Emissions from Other and Undifferentiated Production
- A3.3 Methodology for Solvent and Other Product Use
- A3.4 Methodology for Agriculture
  - A3.4.1 Animal Population Data Sources
  - A3.4.2 CH₄ Emissions from Enteric Fermentation
  - A3.4.3 CH₄ Emissions from Manure Management
  - A3.4.4 N₂O Emissions from Manure Management
  - A3.4.5 N₂O Emissions from Agricultural Soils
- A3.5 Methodology for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
  - A3.5.1 Spatial Framework for LULUCF Estimate Development and Area Reconciliation
  - A3.5.2 Forest Land and Forest-Related Land-Use Change
  - A3.5.3 Cropland
  - A3.5.4 Grasslands
  - A3.5.5 Wetlands
  - A3.5.6 Settlements
  - A3.5.7 Estimation of Delayed CO₂ Emissions from Harvested Wood Products (HWPS)
- A3.6 Methodology for Waste
  - A3.6.1 CH₄ Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal on Land
  - A3.6.2 CH₄ Emissions from Wastewater Treatment
  - A3.6.3 N₂O Emissions from Wastewater Treatment
  - A3.6.4 CO₂ Emissions from Waste Incineration
  - A3.6.5 N₂O Emissions from Waste Incineration
  - A3.6.6 CH₄ Emissions from Waste Incineration
- References
ANNEX 4: Comparison of Sectoral and Reference Approaches
- A4.1 Description of Comparison
- A4.2 Reference Approach Methodology
  - A4.2.1 Crude Oil
  - A4.2.2 Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)
  - A4.2.3 Gasoline
  - A4.2.4 Gas/Diesel Oil
  - A4.2.5 Other Kerosene
  - A4.2.6 Jet Kerosene
  - A4.2.7 Coke Oven Gas and Coke
  - A4.2.8 Petroleum Coke
  - A4.2.9 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
  - A4.2.10 Bitumen
  - A4.2.11 Other Oils
  - A4.2.12 Other Bituminous and Sub-Bituminous Coal
  - A4.2.13 Natural Gas
  - A4.2.14 Biomass
- References
ANNEX 5: Assessment of Completeness
- A5.1 Energy
  - A5.1.1 Fuel Combustion
  - A5.1.2 Emissions from Combustion of Landfill Gas
  - A5.1.3 Fuel Combustion - Transportation
- A5.2 Industrial Processes
  - A5.2.1 Mineral Products
  - A5.2.2 Chemical Production
  - A5.2.3 Metal Production
  - A5.2.4 Production and Consumption of Halocarbons and SF₆
- A5.3 Solvent and Other Product Use
- A5.4 Agriculture
  - A5.4.1 Enteric Fermentation and Manure Management
  - A5.4.2 Residue Burning
  - A5.4.3 Rice Production
- A5.5 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
  - A5.5.1 Forest Land
  - A5.5.2 Cropland
  - A5.5.3 Grassland
  - A5.5.4 Wetlands
  - A5.5.5 Settlements
- A5.6 Waste
  - A5.6.1 Domestic and Commercial Wastewater
  - A5.6.2 Industrial Wastewater
  - A5.6.3 Waste Incineration
- References
ANNEX 6: Quality Assurance and Quality Control
- A6.1 Framework of a QA/QC Plan for the National Inventory
- A6.2 Quality Control Procedures
- A6.3 Quality Assurance
- References
ANNEX 7: Uncertainty
- A7.1 Introduction
- A7.2 Overall Inventory Uncertainty for 2001 (reported in NIR 2003)
- A7.3 Scope of 2004/2005 Uncertainty Study
  - A7.3.1 General Concepts
  - A7.3.2 Input Data for the Uncertainty Model
  - A7.3.3 Level of Aggregation Adopted for Uncertainty Analysis
  - A7.3.4 Sensitivity Analysis
- A7.4 Summary of Sector Uncertainties
  - A7.4.1 Energy
  - A7.4.2 Industrial Processes
  - A7.4.3 Solvent and Other Product Use
- - A7.4.4 Agriculture
  - A7.4.5 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
  - A7.4.6 Waste
- References
ANNEX 8: Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emission Tables, 1990-2003
ANNEX 9: Electricity Intensity Tables
- References
ANNEX 10: Analysis of Emission Trends for Canadian Industrial Sectors
- A10.1 Introduction
- A10.2 Fossil Fuel Industry
- A10.3 Mining and Manufacturing Industries
  - A10.3.1 Mining
  - A10.3.2 Smelting and Refining Industries
  - A10.3.3 Pulp, Paper, and Saw Mills
  - A10.3.4 Primary and Other Steel Industries
  - A10.3.5 Cement
  - A10.3.6 Industrial Chemical Industries
  - A10.3.7 Other Manufacturing
  - A10.3.8 Other Industries
- References
ANNEX 11: Provincial/Territorial Analysis
- A11.1 Newfoundland and Labrador
  - A11.1.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.1.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.2 Prince Edward Island
  - A11.2.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.2.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.3 Nova Scotia
  - A11.3.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.3.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.4 New Brunswick
  - A11.4.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2003)
  - A11.4.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2003)
- A11.5 Quebec
  - A11.5.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.5.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.6 Ontario
  - A11.6.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.6.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.7 Manitoba
  - A11.7.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.7.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.8 Saskatchewan
  - A11.8.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.8.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.9 Alberta
  - A11.9.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.9.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2004)
- A11.10 British Columbia
  - A11.10.1 Long-Term Trends (1990-2004)
  - A11.10.2 Short-Term Trends (2003-2003)
- A11.11 Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
- References
ANNEX 12: Provincial/Territorial Greenhouse Gas Emission Tables, 1990-2003
ANNEX 13: Emission Factors
- A13.1 Fuel Combustion
  - A13.1.1 Natural Gas and NGLs
  - A13.1.2 Refined Petroleum Products
  - A13.1.3 Coal and Coal Products
  - A13.1.4 Mobile Combustion
- A13.2 Fugitive Emission Factors: Coal Mining
- A13.3 Industrial Processes
  - A13.3.1 Mineral, Chemical, and Metal Industries
  - A13.3.2 Consumption of Halocarbons
  - A13.3.3 Non-Energy Use of Fossil Fuels
- A13.4 Solvent and Other Product Use
- A13.5 Agriculture
- A13.6 Biomass Combustion
  - A13.6.1 CO₂
  - A13.6.2 CH₄
  - A13.6.3 N₂O
- References
ANNEX 14: Rounding Protocol
- References
ANNEX 15: Ozone and Aerosol Precursors
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