Table 1
Estimated number of pairs of Ring-billed Gulls, Herring Gulls, Great Black-backed Gulls, and Black-legged Kittiwakes nesting in eastern Canada

Province Waterbody --	Region	Census Year(s)	Ring-billed Gull	Herring Gull	Great Black-backed Gull	Black-legged Kittiwake	Total	Reference(s)
Atlantic Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador
East Coast --	Labrador	1998–2003	81	218	363	103	15361	Robertson and Elliot 2002; Robertson et al. 2002; CWS unpubl. (Robertson,Chaulk)
East Coast and Gulf of St. Lawrence --	Newfoundland	2000–20062	10905	31975	6246	54690	103816	Boyne et al. 2011; Robertson et al. 2001; CWS unpubl. (Robertson)
Total:			10986	32193	6609	54793	105352
Nova Scotia
EastCoast		2002–2004	0	7110	11044	82	18236	Boyne and Beukens 2004; CWS unpubl. (Boyne; Chardine, J., CWS)
Bay of Fundy		2002–2004	0	1127	1868	0	2995	Boyne and Beukens 2004; CWS unpubl. (Chardine, J., CWS)
Gulf of St. Lawrence		2002–2004	0	116	567	90	773	Boyne and Beukens 2004; CWS unpubl. (Chardine, J., CWS)
Total:			0	8353	13479	172	22004
Prince EdwardIsland
Gulf of St. Lawrence		2004	691	1795	1110	0	3596	Boyne and McKnight 2005
New Brunswick
Bay of Fundy		1998–2004	6	14233	2187	202	16628	Mawhinney et al. 1999; Kehoe and Diamond 2001; Ronconi and Wong 2003; McAlpine et al. 2005; CWS unpubl. (Robertson)
Gulf of St. Lawrence		2005	4367	2406	1025	373	8171	Boyne et al. 2006; Davis et al. 2011
Total:			4373	16639	3212	575	24799
Atlantic Canada Total:			16050	58980	24410	55540	155751
Québec
Gulf of St. Lawrence --	Iles-de-la-Madeleine	2007	0	545	779	7175	8499	Rail 2009
	Gaspé Peninsula	20023	2835	5134	1322	37649	46940	Cotter and Rail 2007
	Anticosti Island	2004	0	20	0	16642	16662	CWS unpubl. (Banque Informatisée des Oiseaux Marins du Québec, BIOMQ);
	North Shore	1990–20054	6561	12924	2022	3137	24644	Rail and Cotter 2007; Roberge 2004; Société Duvetnor 1999; Bédard and Nadeau 1995; CWS unpubl. (BIOMQ)
Sub-total:			9396	18623	4123	64603	96745
St. Lawrence River and Estuary		1990–20075	99949	12321	2411	3617	118298	Bédard and Nadeau 1995; CWS and Société Duvetnor 2001, 2006; Mousseau 2007; SPEE 2008; CWS unpubl. (Brousseau, BIOMQ)
Québec Total:			109345	30944	6534	68220	215043
Ontario
Great Lakes --	Lake Superior	1999–2000	5857	11895	0	0	17752	Hebert et al. 2008; Morris et al. 2009; CWS unpubl. (Ontario database)
	Lake Huron	1999–2000	99381	22389	9	0	121779	CWS unpubl. (Ontario database)
	Lower Great Lakes	1999	274925	4497	27	0	279449	Morris et al. 2003; Weseloh et al. 2003; CWS unpubl. (Ontario database)
OntarioTotal:			380163	38781	36	0	418980
Grand Total			505558	128705	30980	123760	789774

¹ This total is a minimum because Labrador has been only partially surveyed for nesting gulls; furthermore, this total includes 771 pairs from mixed Herring Gull and Great-Black-backed Gull colonies for which species was not identified.
² Includes a Black-legged Kittiwake colony (Cape St. Mary's; 10,000 pairs) that was last censused in 1979.
³ Includes a Ring-billed Gull colony (Pointe de Sandy Beach; 1172 pairs; BIOMQ) that was surveyed in 2004; in 2002 this colony was unoccupied.
⁴ All Migratory Bird Sanctuaries were surveyed in 2005; colony data from Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve and elsewhere date from 1990–1999.
⁵ Most colonies surveyed between 2001 and 2007, however a few were last surveyed in 1990 or 1995.

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Table 2
Number and average size of Ring-billed Gull and Black-legged Kittiwake colonies in eastern Canada

			Ring-billed Gull					Black-legged Kittiwake
				Colony Size					Colony Size
Province	Waterbody	Region	No. Colonies	Average	SD	Min	Max	No. Colonies	Average	SD	Min	Max
Atlantic Canada
Newfoundland  and Labrador	East Coast	Labrador	3	27	24	3	50	2	52	4	49	54
	East Coast and Gulf of St. Lawrence	Newfoundland	70	na1				95	na
Total:			73					97
Nova Scotia	Bay of Fundy		0					0
	East Coast		0					3	27	46	1	80
	Gulf of St. Lawrence		0					1	90		90	90
Total:			0					4	43	49	1	90
Prince Edward Island	Gulf of St. Lawrence
Total:			3	230	253	69	522	0
New Brunswick	Bay of Fundy		1	6		6	6	2	101	47	68	134
	Gulf of St. Lawrence		2	2184	64	2138	2229	3	124	57	59	166
Total:			3	1458	1258	6	2229	5	115	48	59	166
Maritime Provinces Total:			6	844	1054	1	2229	9	83	59	1	166
Atlantic Canada Total:			79					106
Québec	Gulf of St. Lawrence	Iles-de-la-Madeleine	0					9	797	946	3	2307
		Gaspé Peninsula	2	1418	347	1172	1663	16	2353	5439	3	18550
		Anticosti Island	0					5	3328	7013	23	15870
		North Shore	18	365	871	1	3745	15	209	424	7	1659
Sub-total:			20	470	889	1	3745	45	1436	4011	3	18550
	St. Lawrence River-Estuary		16	6247	12677	5	51000	12	301	717	2	2555
Québec Total:			36	3037	8819	1	51000	57	1197	3600	2	18550
Ontario	Great Lakes	Lake Superior	20	293	937	1	4234	0
		Lake Huron	96	1035	2257	1	10578	0
		Lower Great Lakes	36	7637	11824	1	45510	0
Ontario Total:			152	2501	6635	1	45510	0
Grand Total			267					163

¹ na=not available; for most colonies only an approximate size was recorded (i.e., small, medium, large, or very large; see Methods).

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Table 3
Number and average size of Herring Gull and Great Black-backed Gull colonies in eastern Canada

			Herring Gull					Great Black-backed Gull
				Colony Size					Colony Size
Province	Waterbody	Region	No. Colonies	Average	SD	Min	Max	No. Colonies	Average	SD	Min	Max
Atlantic Canada
Newfoundland  and Labrador	East Coast	Labrador	16	14	31	1	127	96	4	8	1	63
	East Coast andGulf of St. Lawrence	Newfoundland	269	na1				196	na
Total:			285					292
Nova Scotia	Bay of Fundy		8	141	74	40	240	11	170	232	3	753
	East Coast		82	87	131	1	707	194	57	87	1	628
	Gulf of St. Lawrence		2	58	71	8	108	10	57	52	5	141
Total:			92	91	127	1	707	215	63	101	1	753
Prince Edward Island	Gulf of St. Lawrence
Total:			8	224	287	2	855	14	79	122	1	435
New Brunswick	Bay of Fundy		44	323	937	1	5926	44	50	65	1	285
	Gulf of St. Lawrence		11	219	296	4	937	16	64	53	3	175
Total:			55	303	847	1	5926	60	54	62	1	285
Maritime Provinces Total:			155	173	524	1	5926	289	62	95	1	753
Atlantic Canada Total:			440					581
Québec	Gulf of St. Lawrence	Iles-de-la-Madeleine	14	39	59	2	196	15	52	143	1	558
		Gaspé Peninsula	28	183	227	1	902	23	57	83	1	289
		Anticosti Island	3	7	6	3	14	0
		North Shore	43	301	1057	1	6900	67	30	57	1	329
Sub-total:			88	212	753	1	6900	105	39	80	1	558
	St. Lawrence River-Estuary		57	216	212	1	899	59	41	62	1	286
Québec Total:			145	213	600	1	6900	164	40	74	1	558
Ontario	Great Lakes	Lake Superior	318	37	51	1	407	0
		Lake Huron	413	54	217	1	3457	9	1	0	1	1
		Lower Great Lakes	61	74	164	1	1067	9	3	3	1	11
Ontario Total:			792	49	166	1	3457	18	2	2	1	11
Grand Total			1377					763

¹ na=not available; for most colonies only an approximate size was recorded (i.e., small, medium, large, or very large; see Methods).

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