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Perfluorooctane Sulfonate - Screening Assessment Report

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Page
Synopsis
Introduction
1.0 Identity, Uses, and Sources of Release
2.0 Environmental Fate, Exposure and Effects
3.0 Environmental Concentrations
4.0 Key Toxicological Studies
5.0 Risk Quotient Analyses
6.0 Discussion
7.0 Conclusion
8.0 Reference
Table 1. Selected physical and chemical properties
Table 2. Summary of available data
Table 3. Range of BCF/BAF/BMF data
Appendix 1. List of PFOS
Appendix 2. PFOS Concentrations in Selected Wildlife
Appendix 3. Risk Quotients for Migratory Birds
Appendix 4. Summary of Data used in Risk Quotient
Appendix 5. Risk Quotients for PFOS

**Appendix 2: PFOS Concentrations in Selected Wildlife in North America and Circumpolar Regions, 1982-2005**
Type	Tis- sue	Species	Sampling locations	Sampling Date	Ref- erence	PFOS (ppb)a				n b
Type	Tis- sue	Species	Sampling locations	Sampling Date	Ref- erence	Min	Max	Mean	SD	n b
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	East Greenland	January, 1999 – September, 2001	Smithwick et al., 2005	911	6340			29e
Mammal	Liver	Mink (Mustela vison)	Midwestern United States	1999-2000	AR 226-1030a157	93	4870			30
Mammal	Liver	Mink (Mustela vison)	Massachusetts	1999-2000	AR 226-1030a157	87	4300			31
Mammal	Liver	Mink (Male)	Kalamazoo River watershed, Michigan, USA	2000-2001	Kannan et al., 2005	1280	59500	18000		7
Mammal	Liver	Mink (Female)	Kalamazoo River watershed, Michigan, USA	2000-2001	Kannan et al., 2005		41			1
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Canadian Arctic	February 2002	Martin et al, 2004a	1700	>4000			7
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	South Hudson Bay (Sanikiluaq)c	2002	Smithwick et al., 2005	2000	3770c			NR
Mammal	Liver	Mink (Mustela vison)	South Carolina	1999-2000	AR 226-1030a157	65	3110			9
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	High Arctic (Resolute, Grise Fjord, and Pond Inlet, NWT)	February – May, 2002	Smithwick et al., 2005	263	2410	1170		26e
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	North West Territories	2001	Smithwick et al., 2005	982	2160	1320		7
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	South Baffin Island (Pangnirtung, Qikiqtarjuaq, Iqualuit, and Kimmirut, NWT)c	February – May, 2002	Smithwick et al., 2005	977	2100c	1390		26e
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Svalbard, Norway		Smithwick et al., 2005	756	1990	1290
Mammal	Liver	Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates)	Florida Coastal Waters	September, 1991-March, 2000	Kannan et al., 2001a	48.2	1520	489	356	20
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Chukchi Sea (Chukchi and Bearing Seas, Alaska)	2001	Smithwick et al., 2005	435	1480			7
Mammal	Liver	Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus)	Canadian Arctic	March, 2001	Martin et al., 2004a	6.1	1400			10
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Beaufort Sea, Alaska	1993-2002	Kannan et al., 2005	502	1130	793	195	8
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Chukchi Sea, Alaska	1994-2002	Kannan et al., 2005	137	1020	537	204	27
Mammal	Liver	River otter (Lutra canadensis)	Washington and Oregon, USA	1999-2000	AR 226-1030a157	34	994f			5
Mammal	Liver	River otter (Lutra canadensis)	West Coast, USA	1996-1997	Kannan et al., 2001a	33.6	994f	329		5
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Barrow and other sites in Alaska	1990-2000	AR 226-1030a160	175	678f			17
Mammal	Liver	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Alaska, USA	December, 1997 -June, 1999	Kannan et al., 2001a	175	678f	350		17
Mammal	Liver	Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)	Florida Coastal Waters	September, 1994 – July, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001a	36.6	388	212		2
Mammal	Liver	Mink (Mustela vison)	Louisiana	1999-2000	AR 226-1030a157	40	318			7
Mammal	Liver	Short-snouted spinner dolphin (Stenella clymene)	Florida Coastal Waters	June, 1995	Kannan et al., 2001a	78.7	168	123	36.3	3
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	East Greenland (Ittoqqortoormiit)	1999	Bossi et al., 2005	13.7	130.5			10
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	East Greenland (Ittoqqortoormiit)	2003	Bossi et al., 2005	61.0	130.0			10
Mammal	Liver	Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)	Pribilof Islands, Alaska	1990-2000	AR 226-1030a160	<10	122f			13
Mammal	Liver	Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)	Alaska, USA	1995 - 1998	Kannan et al., 2001a	<10	122f			13
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	West Greenland (Qeqertarsuaq)	1994	Bossi et al., 2005	18.9	77.3			9
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	East Greenland (Ittoqqortoormiit)	1986	Bossi et al., 2005	10.1	71.2			8
Mammal	Liver	Rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis)	Florida Coastal Waters	November, 1995	Kannan et al., 2001a	42.8	65.6	54.2		2
Mammal	Liver	Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)	West Coast, USA	1991-October, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001a	10.3	57.1	27.1		3
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	East Greenland (Ittoqqortoormiit)	1994	Bossi et al., 2005	14.6	53.2			8
Mammal	Liver	California sea lion (Zalophis californianus)	West Coast, USA	August, 1993-November, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001a	4.6	49.4	26.6		6
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	West Greenland (Qeqertarsuaq)	2003	Bossi et al., 2005	14.0	49.0			10
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Canadian Arctic	Spring 1998	Martin et al., 2004a	10	37			10
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	West Greenland (Qeqertarsuaq)	1999	Bossi et al., 2005	14.6	36.7			10
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	West Greenland (Qeqertarsuaq)	1982	Bossi et al., 2005	5.8	23.3			10
Mammal	Liver	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Canadian Arctic	2001	Martin et al., 2004a	8.6	23			9
Mammal	Liver	Pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps)	Florida Coastal Waters	August, 1994-February, 2000	Kannan et al., 2001a	6.6	23.0	14.8		2
Mammal	Liver	Mink (Mustela vison)	Canadian Arctic	Winter 2001; Winter 2002	Martin et al., 2004a	1.3	20			10
Mammal	Liver	Narwhale (Monodon monoceros)	Cape Dorset	2000	Tomy et al., 2004	5.4	17.7	10.9	2.3	5
Mammal	Liver	Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)	Grise Fjord	1996	Tomy et al., 2004	9.8	15.8	12.6	1.1	5
Mammal	Liver	Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)	West Coast, USA	February, 1993-October, 1994	Kannan et al., 2001a	<5	14.3	8.9		8
Mammal	Liver	Elephant seal (Mirounga augustirostris)	West Coast, USA	January, 1991- May, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001a	<5	9.8	9.3		5
Mammal	Liver	Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)	Frobisher Bay, Iqualuit	1998	Tomy et al., 2004	1.4	3.6	2.4	0.4	5
Mammal	Liver	Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)	West Coast, USA	October, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001a			133		NR
Mammal	Kid- ney	Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)	West Coast, USA	March, 1993 -August, 1994	Kannan et al., 2001a	<35				3
Mammal	Brain	Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)	West Coast, USA	March, 1993-February, 1994	Kannan et al., 2001a	<35				2
Mammal	Blood	Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates)	Charleston, SC	August, 2003	Houde et al., 2005	472	3073	1171	93	47
Mammal	Blood	Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates)	Indian River Lagoon, FL	July, 2003	Houde et al., 2005	69	2010	462	82	42
Mammal	Blood	Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates)	Sarasota Bay, FL	June, 2003	Houde et al., 2005	194	1715	658	131	13
Mammal	Blood	Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates)	Delaware Bay, NJ	September, 2003	Houde et al., 2005	232	1240	646	174	5
Mammal	Blood	Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)	Baltic Sea	1990-2000	AR 226-1030a160	14	76			16
Mammal	Blood	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Alaska, USA	1999	Kannan et al., 2001a	26	52f	34		14
Mammal	Blood	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	Barrow and other sites in Alaska	1990-2000	AR 226-1030a160	26	52f			14
Mammal	Blood	Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)	Sable Island, Canada	1990-2000	AR 226-1030a160	<13	49			12
Mammal	Blood	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Baffin Island, Canada	1990-2000	AR 226-1030a160	<3.13	12			16
Mammal	Blood	Northern fur seal pup (Callorhinus ursinus)	Alaska, USA	1995	Kannan et al., 2001a	<6	12			19
Mammal	Blood	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay)	1998	Kannan et al., 2001a			242	142	10
Mammal	Blood	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay)	1996	Kannan et al., 2001a			133	47	10
Mammal	Blood	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay)	1997	Kannan et al., 2001a			92	81	9
Mammal	Blood	Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)	Northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay)	1997	Kannan et al., 2001a			43.9	19	10
Mammal	Blood	Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)	Northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay)	1996	Kannan et al., 2001a			42	21	9
Mammal	Blood	Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)	Sable Island (Canada)	1998	Kannan et al., 2001a			27.7	11	12
Mammal	Blood	Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)	Northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay)	1998	Kannan et al., 2001a			25.5	9.6	7
Mammal	Blood	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Arctic (Spitsbergen)	1998	Kannan et al., 2001a			10.1	2.7	8
Mammal	Blood	Ringed seal (Phoca hispida)	Arctic (Spitsbergen)	1996	Kannan et al., 2001a			8.1	2.5	10
Mammal	Blood	Northern fur seal adult (Callorhinus ursinus)	Alaska, USA	1995	Kannan et al., 2001a	<6				10
Mammal	Blood	Northern fur seal subadult (Callorhinus ursinus)	Alaska, USA	1995	Kannan et al., 2001a	<6				7
Mammal	Blood	Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)	Alaska, USA	1995	Kannan et al., 2001a	<6				8
Mammal	Blood	Steller sea lion	Alaska, USA	1999	Kannan et al., 2001a	<6				12
Mammal	Plas- ma	Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)	Core Sound (North Carolina), South Carolina. Georgia, and Florida	June-July, 2003	Keller et al., 2005	1.4	96.8	11	17.2	73
Mammal	Plas- ma	Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)	Kalamazoo River watershed, Michigan, USA	1999	Kannan et al., 2005	105	169	137		2
Mammal	Plas- ma	Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)	Kalamazoo River watershed, Michigan, USA	1999	Kannan et al., 2005	<1	8.8	6.13		3
Mammal	Plas- ma	Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii)	Core Sound (North Carolina), South Carolina. Georgia, and Florida	June, 2003	Keller et al., 2005	13.8	60.2	39.4	17.1	6
Bird	Liver	Brandt’s cormorant	California, USA	June, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001b	46	1780			2
Bird	Liver	Red-throated loon	Various Locations, USA	February, 1998 -May, 1998	Kannan et al., 2001b	34	1120			3
Bird	Liver	Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA	2000	Kannan et al., 2005	26.5	1740			6
Bird	Liver	White pelican	Various Locations, USA	November, 1996- August, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001b	30	1120			6
Bird	Liver	Great egret	Various Locations, USA	May, 1996-February, 1998	Kannan et al., 2001b	27	1030			7
Bird	Liver	Osprey	Various Locations, USA	September, 1996-October, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001b	42	959			4
Bird	Liver	Great blue heron	St. Martinville, Los Angeles, USA	June, 1996	Kannan et al., 2001b	162	916			2
Bird	Liver	Great black-backed gull	Carteret County, NC, USA	January, 1998-March, 1998	Kannan et al., 2001b	187	841			2
Bird	Liver	Black-crowned night heron	California, USA	June, 1997-May, 1998	Kannan et al., 2001b	32	648	393		5
Bird	Liver	Common loon	Various Locations, USA	November, 1997-December, 1998	Kannan et al., 2001b	<12	595			19
Bird	Liver	Brown pelican	Various Locations, USA	1997	Kannan et al., 2001b	118	533			3
Bird	Liver	Bald Eagle	Various Locations, USA	February, 1995-March, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001b	24	467			4
Bird	Liver	Snowy egret	Florida, USA	July, 1997- November, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001b	43	413			3
Bird	Liver	Herring gull	Various Locations, USA	October, 1996-February, 1998	Kannan et al., 2001b	16	353			5
Bird	Liver	Double crested cormorant	St. Martinville, Los Angeles, USA	June, 1996	Kannan et al., 2001b	51	288			2
Bird	Liver	Franklin’s gull	Red Rocks Lakes, Beaverhead County, MT, USA	July, 1997- August, 1997	Kannan et al., 2001b	<12	61	40		4
Bird	Liver	Glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus)	Northwater Polynya, Arctic (open water between Canada and Greenland)	April-July, 1998	Tomy et al., 2004	9.9	33.2	20.2	3.9	5
Bird	Liver	Common loon (Gavia immer)	Canadian Arctic	1992	Martin et al., 2004a	11	26			5
Bird	Liver	Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)	Northwater Polynya, Arctic (open water between Canada and Greenland)	April-July, 1998	Tomy et al., 2004	1.2	20	10.0	4.6	4
Bird	Liver	Northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)	Canadian Arctic	1993	Martin et al., 2004a	1	1.5			5
Bird	Liver	Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996; 1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2005			635	281	3
Bird	Liver	Common merganser (Mergus merganser)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996; 1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2005			441	154	20
Bird	Liver	Black duck (Anas rubripes)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996	Sinclair et al., 2005			204	0	1
Bird	Liver	Common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996; 1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2005			204	119	20
Bird	Liver	Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996	Sinclair et al., 2005			172	124	31
Bird	Liver	Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2005			148	65	6
Bird	Liver	Greater scaup (Aythya marila)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1995-1996	Sinclair et al., 2005			82	24	2
Bird	Liver	Hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996	Sinclair et al., 2005			35	24	2
Bird	Liver	Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996	Sinclair et al., 2005			28	0	1
Bird	Liver	Ring-neck (Aytha collaris)	Niagara River Region, New York, USA	1994-1996	Sinclair et al., 2005			16	0	1
Bird	Liver	Brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)	Mississippi	NR	Giesy (2003)	460				NR
Bird	Liver	Common loon (Gavia immer)	North Carolina	NR	Giesy (2003)	290				NR
Bird	Liver	Wood stork	Various Locations, USA	September, 1996	Kannan et al., 2001b	158				1
Bird	Liver	Northern gannet	Carteret County, NC, USA	March, 1998	Kannan et al., 2001b	85				1
Bird	Liver	Laysan albatross (Diomedea immutabilis)	Midway Atoll	NR	Giesy (2003)	<35				NR
Bird	Liver	White-faced ibis	Sacramento Valley, CA, USA	January, 1995	Kannan et al., 2001b	17				1
Bird	Liver	Black guillemot (Cepphus grylle)	Canadian Arctic	1993	Martin et al., 2004a	n.d.				5
Bird	Eggs	Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)	Great Lakes	1990-1998	AR 226-1030a159	21	220f			4
Bird	Egg Yolk	Double crested cormorant	Manitoba, Canada	June, 1995	Kannan et al., 2001b	21	220f			4
Bird	Egg	Glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus)	Bear Island (Norwegian Arctic)	2004	Verreault et al., 2005	51.7	196	104	13.2	10
Bird	Egg Yolk	Ring-billed gull	Great Lakes Region ( Michigan)	June, 1995	Kannan et al., 2001b	30	126			3
Bird	Blood	Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)	Great Lakes Region ( Michigan)	July, 1991	Kannan et al., 2001b	34	243			8
Bird	Blood	Herring gull	Great Lakes Region ( Michigan)	July, 1991	Kannan et al., 2001b	57	68			2
Bird	Plas- ma	Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota	1990-1998	AR 226-1030a159	<1	2220			33
Bird	Plas- ma	Bald Eagle	Midwestern United States	June, 1990- October, 1993	Kannan et al., 2001b	<1	2220			33
Bird	Plas- ma	Herring gull	Great Lakes Region ( Michigan)	July, 1991	Kannan et al., 2001b	239	391			2
Bird	Plas- ma	Double crested cormorant	Great Lakes Region ( Michigan)	July, 1991	Kannan et al., 2001b	63	372			4
Bird	Plas- ma	Glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus)	Svalbard (ice edge) and Bear Island (Norwegian Arctic)	2004	Verreault et al., 2005	48.1	349	134	16.6	20
Bird	Gall Bladder	Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA	2000	Kannan et al., 2005		1490			1
Bird	Kid- ney	Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA	2000	Kannan et al., 2005	35	1480			4
Bird	Muscle	Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA	2000	Kannan et al., 2005	<7.5	96.2			6
Bird	Ovary	Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA	2000	Kannan et al., 2005		68.0			1
Bird	Testes	Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA	2000	Kannan et al., 2005		183			1
Fish	Liver	Striped bass (Morone saxatilis)	Tennessee River, Guntersville Dam	June 21-22, 2000	AR 226-1030a161	385	2430			9
Fish	Liver	Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)	Great Lakes/inland Michigan lakes	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	32	173f			6
Fish	Liver	Chinook salmon	Webber Dam, Grand River, Michigan	1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2004	32	173f			6
Fish	Liver	Various speciesd	Inland Lakes, Michigan	1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2004	<7.7	120			35
Fish	Liver	Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)	Great Lakes/inland Michigan lakes	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	33	81f			5
Fish	Liver	Lake whitefish	Great Lakes / Thunder Bay, Lake Huron	2003-2004	Sinclair et al., 2004	33	81f			5
Fish	Liver	Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)	Canadian Arctic	July, 2002	Martin et al., 2004a	29	50			2
Fish	Liver	Brown trout (Salmo trutta)	Great Lakes/inland Michigan lakes	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	<17	26f			10
Fish	Liver	Brown trout	Great Lakes / Lake Superior / Marquette	2003-2004	Sinclair et al., 2004	<17	26f			10
Fish	Liver	White sucker (Catostomus commersoni)	Canadian Arctic	July, 2002	Martin et al., 2004a	6.5	8.6			3
Fish	Liver	Redfish (Sebastes mentella)	Davis Strait	October 2000, 2001	Tomy et al., 2004	nd	6.3	1.4	0.9	7
Fish	Liver	Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)	Canadian Arctic	July, 2002	Martin et al., 2004a	12				2
Fish	Liver	Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)	Canadian Arctic	July, 2002	Martin et al., 2004a	31				1
Fish	Liver	Northern pike (Esox lucius)	Canadian Arctic	July, 2002	Martin et al., 2004a	5.7				1
Fish	Liver	Arctic sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpioides)	Canadian Arctic	July, 2002	Martin et al., 2004a	12				1
Fish	Muscle	Carp (Cyprinus carpio)	Saginaw Bay, Michigan	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	59	287			10
Fish	Muscle	Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)	Great Lakes/inland Michigan lakes	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	<7	189f			6
Fish	Muscle	Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)	Great Lakes/inland Michigan lakes	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	97	168f			5
Fish	Muscle	Carp	Saginaw Bay, Michigan	1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2004	59	297			10
Fish	Muscle	Chinook salmon	Webber Dam, Grand River, Michigan	1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2004	<7	189f			6
Fish	Muscle	Lake whitefish	Great Lakes / Thunder Bay, Lake Huron	2003-2004	Sinclair et al., 2004	97	168f			5
Fish	Muscle	Brown trout	Great Lakes / Lake Superior / Marquette	2003-2004	Sinclair et al., 2004	<7	46			10
Fish	Whole Body	Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida)	Davis Strait	October 2000, 2001	Tomy et al., 2004	0.3	4.7	1.3	0.7	6
Fish	Whole Body	Slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus)	Lake Ontario	2001	Martin et al., 2004b			450	98	5
Fish	Whole Body	Round Gobies (Neogobius melanostomus)	Raisin River, Michigan, USA	October, 1998-September, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005	6.6	11.2			3
Fish	Whole Body	Round Gobies (Neogobius melanostomus)	St. Clair River, Michigan, USA	September, 1998-July, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005	7.7	21.5			8
Fish	Whole Body	Round Gobies (Neogobius melanostomus)	Calumet River, Michigan, USA	July, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		4.1			1
Fish	Whole Body	Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)	Lake Ontario	2001	Martin et al., 2004b			170	64	7
Fish	Whole Body	Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax)	Lake Ontario	2001	Martin et al., 2004b			110	55	6
Fish	Whole Body	Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)	Lake Ontario	2001	Martin et al., 2004b			46	15	6
Fish	Eggs	Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)	Great Lakes/inland Michigan lakes	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	145	381f			2
Fish	Eggs	Lake whitefish	Great Lakes / Thunder Bay, Lake Huron	2003-2004	Sinclair et al., 2004	145	381f			2
Fish	Eggs	Various speciesd	Inland Lakes, Michigan	1999-2000	Sinclair et al., 2004	<7.7	222			19
Fish	Eggs	Brown trout (Salmo trutta)	Great Lakes/inland Michigan lakes	Prior to June 2001	AR 226-1030a156	49	75f			3
Fish	Eggs	Brown trout	Great Lakes / Lake Superior / Marquette	2003-2004	Sinclair et al., 2004	49	75f			3
Fish	Skinless Fillets	Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieui)	Raisin River, Michigan, USA	September, 1998-September, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005	2.0	41.3			8
Fish	Skinless Fillets	Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieui)	Calumet River, Michigan, USA	May, 1998-August, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005	2.5	7.6			4
Fish	Skinless Fillets	Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieui)	St. Clair River, Michigan, USA	October, 1998; August, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005	<2	2.7			2
Crust- acean	Whole Body	Clams (Mya truncate; Serripes groenlandica)	Frobisher Bay	May, 2002	Tomy et al., 2004	0.08	0.6	0.28	0.09	5
Invert- ebrate	Whole Body	Zooplankton (mixed)	Frobisher Bay	May, 2002	Tomy et al., 2004	1.1	2.6	1.8	0.3	5
Invert- ebrate	Whole Body	Shrimp (Pandalus borealis; Hymenodora glacialis)	Davis Strait	October 2000, 2001	Tomy et al., 2004	nd	0.9	0.35	0.15	7
Invert- ebrate	Whole Body	Diporeia (Diporeia hoyi)	Lake Ontario	2001	Martin et al., 2004b			280	33	NR
Invert- ebrate	Whole Body	Amphipods	Raisin River, Michigan, USA	September, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		2.9			1
Invert- ebrate	Whole Body	Amphipods	St. Clair River, Michigan, USA	September, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		<2			1
Invert- ebrate	Whole Body	Amphipods	Calumet River, Michigan, USA	July, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		<2			1
Invert- ebrate	Whole Body	Mysis (Mysis relicta)	Lake Ontario	2001	Martin et al., 2004b			13	8	NR
Crust- acean		Crayfish	Raisin River, Michigan, USA	September, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		4.3			1
Crust- acean		Crayfish	St. Clair River, Michigan, USA	September, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		2.4			1
Crust- acean		Crayfish	Calumet River, Michigan, USA	July, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		3.7			1
Crust- acean	Soft Tissue	Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)	Raisin River, Michigan, USA	October, 1998; August, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005	<2	3.1			2
Crust- acean	Soft Tissue	Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)	St. Clair River, Michigan, USA	November, 1998	Kannan et al., 2005		<2			1
Crust- acean	Soft Tissue	Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)	Calumet River, Michigan, USA	September, 1998	Kannan et al., 2005	<2	<2			3
Algae	Whole Body	Benthic Algae	Calumet River, Michigan, USA	July, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		3.1			1
Algae	Whole Body	Benthic Algae	St. Clair River, Michigan, USA	July, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		2.6			1
Algae	Whole Body	Benthic Algae	Raisin River, Michigan, USA	September, 1999	Kannan et al., 2005		2.4			1
Amphi- bian	Liver	Green Frog (Rana clamitans)	Kalamazoo River watershed, Michigan, USA	1998	Kannan et al., 2005	50	285	168		2
Amphi- bian	Liver	Green Frog (Rana clamitans)	Kalamazoo River watershed, Michigan, USA	1998	Kannan et al., 2005		<35			2

a Units are parts per billion (ppb) = µg.kg-1 for tissue (wet weight unless otherwise noted); µg.L-1 for liquids.

b n = sample size; NR = not reported.

c Note that the Smithwick
et al. (2005) polar bear data from South Hudson Bay and South Baffin Island are samples re-analyzed from Martin
et al. (2004a)

d various species include: Coho salmon, lake trout, white sucker, carp, redhorse sucker, and largemouth bass from several
Michigan lakes and rivers (Sinclair
et al., 2004)

e Number of samples analyzed for these subsets of Polar Bear samples is unclear in Smithwick
et al. (2005)

f duplicate data obtained from 2 different sources, however, discrepancies were noted for the sampling dates

Page 15

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